Glossary
Effortlessly navigate the QCAA Physical Education Glossary to find and understand key terms and concepts
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A
ATAR
Australian Tertiary Admission Rank
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Access
Opportunity to participate
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Accomplished
Highly trained or skilled in a particular activity; perfected in knowledge or training; expert
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Accuracy
The condition or quality of being true, correct or exact; freedom from error or defect; precision or exactness; correctness
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Accurate
Precise and exact; to the point; consistent with or exactly conforming to a truth, standard, rule, model, convention or known fact; free from error or defect; meticulous; correct in all details
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Adaptability
The degree to which a skill can be modified to match changes in personal, task or environmental characteristics
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Adept
Very/highly skilled or proficient at something; expert
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Adequate
Satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity; equal to the requirement or occasion
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Affordances
Environmental characteristics that offer opportunity for action
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Analyse
Dissect to ascertain and examine constituent parts and/or their relationships; break down or examine in order to identify the essential elements, features, components or structure; determine the logic and reasonableness of information; examine or consider something in order to explain and interpret it, for the purpose of finding meaning or relationships and identifying patterns, similarities and differences
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Applied learning
The acquisition and application of knowledge, understanding and skills in real-world or lifelike contexts that may encompass workplace, industry and community situations; it emphasises learning through doing and includes both theory and the application of theory, connecting subject knowledge and understanding with the development of practical skills
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Applied subject
A subject whose primary pathway is work and vocational education; it emphasises applied learning and community connections; a subject for which a syllabus has been developed by the QCAA with the following characteristics: results from courses developed from Applied syllabuses contribute to the QCE; results may contribute to ATAR calculations
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Apply
Use knowledge and understanding in response to a given situation or circumstance; carry out or use a procedure in a given or particular situation
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Appraise
Evaluate the worth, significance or status of something; judge or consider a text or piece of work
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Appropriate
Acceptable; suitable or fitting for a particular purpose, circumstance, context, etc.
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Apt
Suitable to the purpose or occasion; fitting, appropriate
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Area Of Study
A division of, or a section within a unit
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Aspect
A particular part of a feature of something; a facet, phase or part of a whole
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Assess
Measure, determine, evaluate, estimate or make a judgment about the value, quality, outcomes, results, size, significance, nature of, or extent of something
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Assessment
Purposeful and systematic collection of information about students
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Assessment Instrument
A tool or device used to gather information about student achievement
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Assessment Objectives
Drawn from the unit objectives and contextualised for the requirements of the assessment instrument (see also
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Assessment Technique
The method used to gather evidence about student achievement, (e.g. examination, project, investigation)
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Associative Stage
The second stage of Fitts' model of motor learning, characterised by an understanding of the fundamentals of movement and the process of refining skills
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Astute
Showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people; of keen discernment
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Authentic Performance Environments
Contexts that include specific characteristics of a category of physical activity to allow specialised movement sequences and movement strategies to be performed and data to be gathered
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Authoritative
Able to be trusted as being accurate or true; reliable; commanding and self-confident; likely to be respected and obeyed
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Autonomous Stage
The final stage of Fitts' model of motor learning, characterised by automatic movement
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B
Balanced
Keeping or showing a balance; not biased; fairly judged or presented; taking everything into account in a fair, well-judged way
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Barriers
Factor that restricts or prevents access to physical activity
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Basic
Fundamental
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Best Fit
Possessing more characteristics of a particular quality
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Biophysical
The major biophysical sub-disciplines are functional anatomy, biomechanics, exercise physiology and motor control
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Body and Movement Concepts
A framework for enhancing movement performance; include body awareness; space awareness; quality of movement; and relationship to/with objects, people and space.
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C
Categorise
Place in or assign to a particular class or group; arrange or order by classes or categories; classify, sort out, sort, separate
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Challenging
Difficult but interesting; testing one
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Characteristic
A typical feature or quality
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Clarify
Make clear or intelligible; explain; make a statement or situation less confused and more comprehensible
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Clarity
Clearness of thought or expression; the quality of being coherent and intelligible; free from obscurity of sense; without ambiguity; explicit; easy to perceive, understand or interpret
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Classify
Arrange, distribute or order in classes or categories according to shared qualities or characteristics
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Clear
Free from confusion, uncertainty, or doubt; easily seen, heard or understood;
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Clearly
In a clear manner; plainly and openly, without ambiguity
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Cognitive Stage
The first stage of Fitts' model of motor learning, characterised by the development of an overall understanding of the movement
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Coherent
Having a natural or due agreement of parts; connected; consistent; logical; orderly; well-structured and makes sense; rational, with parts that are harmonious; having an internally consistent relation of parts
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Comment
Express an opinion, observation or reaction in speech or writing; give a judgment based on a given statement or result of a calculation
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Communicate
Convey knowledge and/or understandings to others; make known; transmit
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Community
A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common; the condition of sharing or having certain attitudes and interests in common
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Competent
Having suitable or sufficient skills, knowledge, experience etc. for some purpose; adequate but not exceptional; capable; suitable or sufficient for the purpose; having the necessary ability, knowledge or skill to do something successfully; efficient and capable (of a person); acceptable and satisfactory, though not outstanding
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Competently
In an efficient and capable way; in an acceptable and satisfactory, though not outstanding, way
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Competition
Contest, event or activity measuring performance against an opponent, oneself or the environment either once off or as part of a series
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Complex
Composed or consisting of many different and interconnected parts or factors; compound; composite; characterised by an involved combination of parts; complicated; intricate; a complex whole or system; a complicated assembly of particulars
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Comprehend
Understand the meaning or nature of; grasp mentally
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Comprehensive
Inclusive; of large content or scope; including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; wide-ranging; detailed and thorough, including all that is relevant
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Concept
A theoretical construct; a pattern or procedure; a generalised mental operation
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Concise
Expressing much in few words; giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief, comprehensive and to the point; succinct, clear, without repetition of information
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Conduct
Direct in action or course; manage; organise; carry out
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Consider
Think deliberately or carefully about something, typically before making a decision; take something into account when making a judgment; view attentively or scrutinise; reflect on
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Considerable
Fairly large or great; thought about deliberately and with a purpose
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Considered
Formed after careful and deliberate thought
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Consistency
The degree to which the performance varies
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Consistent
Agreeing or accordant; compatible; not self-opposed or self-contradictory, constantly adhering to the same principles; acting in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate; unchanging in nature, standard, or effect over time; not containing any logical contradictions (or an argument); constant in achievement or effect over a period of time
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Constraints
Providing the boundaries within which learners can explore and search for movement solutions within a physical activity; limitations or restrictions
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Construct
Create or put together (e.g. an argument) by arranging ideas or items; display information in a diagrammatic or logical form; make; build
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Context
The circumstances that surround a particular situation or event
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Contrast
Display recognition of differences by deliberate juxtaposition of contrary elements; show how things are different or opposite; give an account of the differences between two or more items or situations, referring to both or all of them throughout
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Controlled
Shows the exercise of restraint or direction over; held in check; restrained, managed or kept within certain bounds
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Convincing
Persuaded by argument or proof; leaving no margin of doubt; clear; capable of causing someone to believe that something is true or real; persuading or assuring by argument or evidence; appearing worthy of belief; credible or plausible
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Course
A defined amount of learning developed from a subject syllabus
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Course of action
A procedure, approach or strategy adopted to respond to a situation; a set of intended actions to achieve a predetermined goal; a plan
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Create
Bring something into being or existence; produce or evolve from one's own thought or imagination; reorganise or put elements together into a new pattern or structure or to form a coherent or functional whole
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Creative
Resulting from originality of thought or expression; relating to or involving the use of the imagination or original ideas to create something; having good imagination or original ideas
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Credible
Capable or worthy of being believed; believable; convincing
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Critical
Involving skilful judgment as to truth, merit etc.; involving the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment; expressing or involving an analysis of the merits and faults of a work of literature, music, or art; incorporating a detailed and scholarly analysis and commentary (of a text); rationally appraising for logical consistency and merit
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Critical review
To question the social, cultural and political factors that influence physical activity; involves critical analysis and evaluation of physical activity knowledge to make informed judgments and take appropriate individual and collective action; exploring matters such as inclusiveness, power inequalities, assumptions, diversity and social justice; develop strategies and actions to improve own and others engagement in physical activity
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Critique
Review (e.g. a theory, practice, performance) in a detailed, analytical and critical way
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Cursory
Hasty, and therefore not thorough or detailed; performed with little attention to detail; going rapidly over something, without noticing details; hasty; superficial
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D
Data
Information collected for reference, analysis and evaluation
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Decide
Reach a resolution as a result of consideration; make a choice from a number of alternatives
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Defensible
Justifiable by argument; capable of being defended in argument
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Define
Give the meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity; state meaning and identify or describe qualities
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Demonstrate
Prove or make clear by argument, reasoning or evidence, illustrating with practical example; show by example; give a practical exhibition
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Derive
Arrive at by reasoning; manipulate a mathematical relationship to give a new equation or relationship
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Describe
Give an account (written or spoken) of a situation, event, pattern or process, or of the characteristics or features of something
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Design
Produce a plan, simulation, model or similar; plan, form or conceive in the mind
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Detailed
Executed with great attention to detail; meticulous; including many of the parts or facts
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Determine
Establish, conclude or ascertain after consideration, observation, investigation or calculation; decide or come to a resolution
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Develop
Elaborate, expand or enlarge in detail; add detail and fullness to; cause to become more complex or intricate
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Devise
Think out; plan; contrive; invent
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Differentiate
Identify the difference/s in or between two or more things; distinguish, discriminate; recognise or ascertain what makes something distinct from similar things
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Discerning
Discriminating; showing intellectual perception; showing good judgment; making thoughtful and astute choices; selected for value or relevance
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Discriminate
Note, observe or recognise a difference; make or constitute a distinction in or between; differentiate; note or distinguish as different
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Discriminating
Differentiating; distinctive; perceiving differences or distinctions with nicety; possessing discrimination; perceptive and judicious; making judgments about quality; having or showing refined taste or good judgment
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Discuss
Examine by argument; sift the considerations for and against; debate; talk or write about a topic, including a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses; consider, taking into account different issues and ideas, points for and/or against, and supporting opinions or conclusions with evidence
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Disjointed
Disconnected; incoherent; lacking a coherent order/sequence or connection
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Distinguish
Recognise as distinct or different; note points of difference between; discriminate; discern; make clear a difference/s between two or more concepts or items
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Diverse
Of various kinds or forms; different from each other
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Document
Support (e.g. an assertion, claim, statement) with evidence (e.g. decisive information, written references, citations)
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Draw Conclusions
Make a judgment based on reasoning and evidence
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E
Effective
Successful in producing the intended, desired or expected result; meeting the assigned purpose
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Efficient
Working in a well-organised and competent way; maximum productivity with minimal expenditure of effort; acting or producing effectively with a minimum of waste, expense or unnecessary effort
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Element
A component or constituent part of a complex whole; a fundamental, essential or irreducible part of a composite entity
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Elementary
Simple or uncompounded; relating to or dealing with elements, rudiments or first principles (of a subject); of the most basic kind; straightforward and uncomplicated
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Enablers
Factors that facilitate access and equity in physical activity
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Engagement
To become involved; to occupy attentively, through effort
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Enhance
To raise to a higher degree; intensify; magnify
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Environmental Constraints
Constraints that refer to physical variables in nature such as light, temperature and interactions with teammates and opposition
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Equity
Concerned with giving value to, and celebrating personal, social and cultural differences in society
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Erroneous
Based on or containing error; mistaken; incorrect
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Essential
Absolutely necessary; indispensable; of critical importance for achieving something
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Ethical Decision-Making Framework
A five-stage decision-making framework — identifying the ethical issues and questions; exploring options through modification of games; assessing the options; selecting the best option and implementing the action; and reflecting on the action
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Ethical Dilemmas
Situations manipulated in physical activity, based on inclusion, codes of conduct, financial processes, performance enhancement, impacts of globalisation of physical activity; impact of technologies on physical activity\nIn Physical Education, ethical dilemmas are determined by the interactions between your values, principles and your purpose for engagement in the physical activity
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Ethics
A system of moral principles and values, by which actions and proposals may be judged good or bad, or right or wrong; ethics poses the question \
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Evaluate
Make an appraisal by weighing up or assessing strengths, implications and limitations; make judgments about ideas, works, solutions or methods in relation to selected criteria; examine and determine the merit, value or significance of something, based on criteria
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Examination
A supervised test that assesses the application of a range of cognitions to one or more provided items such as questions, scenarios and/or problems; student responses are completed individually, under supervised conditions, and in a set timeframe
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Examine
Investigate, inspect or scrutinise; inquire or search into; consider or discuss an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue
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Exercise
Any structured and/or repetitive physical activity performed or practised where the main intention is to achieve improved physical fitness
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Experiential
Observing, encountering or undertaking activities as they occur in the course of time to gain knowledge and understanding
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Experiment
Try out or test new ideas or methods, especially in order to discover or prove something; undertake or perform a scientific procedure to test a hypothesis, make a discovery or demonstrate a known fact
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Explain
Make an idea or situation plain or clear by describing it in more detail or revealing relevant facts; give an account; provide additional information
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Explicit
Clearly and distinctly expressing all that is meant; unequivocal; clearly developed or formulated; leaving nothing merely implied or suggested
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Explore
Look into both closely and broadly; scrutinise; inquire into or discuss something in detail
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Express
Convey, show or communicate (e. g. a thought, opinion, feeling, emotion, idea or viewpoint); in words, art, music or movement; convey or suggest a representation of; depict
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Extended Response
An open-ended assessment technique that focuses on the interpretation, analysis, examination and/or evaluation of ideas and information in response to a particular situation or stimulus; while students may undertake some research when writing of the extended response, it is not the focus of this technique; an extended response occurs over an extended and defined period of time
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Extensive
Of great extent; wide; broad; far-reaching; comprehensive; lengthy; detailed; large in amount or scale
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External Assessment
Summative assessment that occurs towards the end of a course of study and is common to all schools; developed and marked by the QCAA according to a commonly applied marking scheme
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External Examination
A supervised test, developed and marked by the QCAA, that assesses the application of a range of cognitions to multiple provided items such as questions, scenarios and/or problems; student responses are completed individually, under supervised conditions, and in a set timeframe
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F
Fact
Truth; something known to have happened; known by actual experience or observation
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Factual
Relating to or based on facts; concerned with what is actually the case; actually occurring; having verified existence
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Fair play
Observing rules and behaving in a sporting spirit; demonstrating attitudes and behaviours in sport consistent with the belief that sport is an ethical pursuit; does not include acts of violence, cheating, drug abuse or any form of exploitation in an effort to win; includes fair competition, respect, friendship, team spirit, equality, sport without doping, respect for written and unwritten rules such as integrity, solidarity, tolerance, care, excellence and joy
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Familiar
Well-acquainted; thoroughly conversant with; well known from long or close association; often encountered or experienced; common; (of materials, texts, skills or circumstances) having been the focus of learning experiences or previously encountered in prior learning activities
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Fartlek training
Training that requires continuous or unbroken effort with regular periods of high and low intensity
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Fatigue
Diminished capacity for work as a result of prolonged or excessive exertion
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Feasible
Capable of being achieved, accomplished or put into effect; reasonable enough to be believed or accepted; probable; likely
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Formative assessment
Assessment whose major purpose is to improve teaching and student achievement
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Foundational movement skills
Basic skills upon which movement sequences and movement strategies are created
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Fragmented
Disorganised; broken down; disjointed or isolated
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Frequent
Happening or occurring often at short intervals; constant, habitual, or regular
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Fundamental
Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance; affecting or relating to the essential nature of something; part of a foundation or basis
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G
GPAI
Game performance assessment instrument; observation tool to analyse performance in games, using a range of different criteria
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Game play
Procedure that shows the distinctive characteristics of a physical activity that is goal-directed and has rules
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General subject
A subject for which a syllabus has been developed by the QCAA with the following characteristics: results from courses developed from General syllabuses contribute to the QCE; General subjects have an external assessment component; results may contribute to ATAR calculations
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I
ISMG
Instrument-specific marking guide; a tool for marking that describes the characteristics evident in student responses and aligns with the identified objectives for the assessment (see 'assessment objectives')
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Identify
Distinguish; locate, recognise and name; establish or indicate who or what someone or something is; provide an answer from a number of possibilities; recognise and state a distinguishing factor or feature
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Illogical
Lacking sense or sound reasoning; contrary to or disregardful of the rules of logic; illogical; unreasonable
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Implement
Put something into effect, e.g., a plan or proposal
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Implications
Conclusions or likely consequences drawn from or resulting from actions or strategies
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Improvement
The degree of progress observed in a movement
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Inaccurate
Not accurate
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Inappropriate
Not suitable or proper in the circumstances
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Inconsistent
Lacking agreement, as one thing with another, or two or more things in relation to each other; at variance; not consistent; not in keeping; not in accordance; incompatible, incongruous
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Independent
Thinking or acting for oneself, not influenced by others
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Individual
Existing as a distinct entity; relating to a single person
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Infer
Derive or conclude something from evidence and reasoning, rather than from explicit statements; listen or read beyond what has been literally expressed; imply or hint at
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Informed
Knowledgeable; learned; having relevant knowledge; being conversant with the topic; based on an understanding of the facts of the situation (of a decision or judgment)
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Innovative
New and original; introducing new ideas; original and creative in thinking
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Insightful
Showing understanding of a situation or process; understanding relationships in complex situations; informed by observation and deduction
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Instrument-specific marking guide
ISMG; a tool for marking that describes the characteristics evident in student responses and aligns with the identified objectives for the assessment (see 'assessment objectives')
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Integral
Necessary for the completeness of the whole; essential or fundamental
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Integrity
The application of generally accepted values and norms in daily practice. In Physical Education, integrity is defined as the demonstration of the ethics and values that promote community confidence in sports, including: fair and honest performances and outcomes, unaffected by illegitimate enhancements or external interests; positive conduct by athletes, administrators, officials, supporters and other stakeholders, on and off the sporting arena, which enhances the reputation and standing of the sporting contest and of sport overall
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Intended
Designed, meant; done on purpose, intentional
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Internal Assessment
Assessments that are developed by schools; summative internal assessments are endorsed by the QCAA before use in schools and results externally confirmed contribute towards a student's final result
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Interpret
Use knowledge and understanding to recognize trends and draw conclusions from given information; make clear or explicit; elucidate or understand in a particular way; bring out the meaning of, e.g., a dramatic or music work, by performance or execution; bring out the meaning of an artwork by artistic representation or performance; give one's own interpretation of; identify or draw meaning from, or give meaning to, information presented in various forms, such as words, symbols, pictures or graphs
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Investigate
Carry out an examination or formal inquiry in order to establish or obtain facts and reach new conclusions; search, inquire into, interpret and draw conclusions about data and information
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Investigation
An assessment technique that requires students to research a specific problem, question, issue, design challenge or hypothesis through the collection, analysis and synthesis of primary and/or secondary data; it uses research or investigative practices to assess a range of cognitions in a particular context; an investigation occurs over an extended and defined period of time
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Isolated
Detached, separate, or unconnected with other things; one-off; something set apart or characterised as different in some way
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J
Judge
Form an opinion or conclusion about; apply both procedural and deliberative operations to make a determination
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Justify
Give reasons or evidence to support an answer, response or conclusion; show or prove how an argument, statement or conclusion is right or reasonable
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L
Learner Constraints
Constraints that refer to the personal characteristics of a learner such as height, weight, speed, strength, fitness, motivation and emotions
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Learning
The modification of behaviour through interaction with the environment; knowledge acquired by systematic study; a relatively permanent change in performance, brought about by experience, excluding changes due to maturation and degeneration
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Learning Area
A grouping of subjects, with related characteristics, within a broad field of learning, e.g. the Arts, sciences, languages
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Limitations
Conditions or factors that restrict or control performance processes, actions or outcomes
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Logical
Rational and valid; internally consistent; reasonable; reasoning in accordance with the principles/rules of logic or formal argument; characterised by or capable of clear, sound reasoning; (of an action, decision, etc.) expected or sensible under the circumstances
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Logically
According to the rules of logic or formal argument; in a way that shows clear, sound reasoning; in a way that is expected or sensible
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M
Make Decisions
Select from available options; weigh up positives and negatives of each option and consider all the alternatives to arrive at a position
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Manipulate
Adapt or change to suit one's purpose
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Megatrend
Represents an important pattern of social, economic or environmental change
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Mental Procedures
A domain of knowledge in Marzano's taxonomy, and acted upon by the cognitive, metacognitive and self-systems; sometimes referred to as "procedural knowledge" There are three distinct phases to the acquisition of mental procedures — the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage; the two categories of mental procedures are skills (single rules, algorithms and tactics) and processes (macroprocedures)
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Mesocycle
Training period, generally 4–6 weeks duration, with a specific training focus
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Methodical
Performed, disposed or acting in a systematic way; orderly; characterised by method or order; performed or carried out systematically
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Microcycle
Training period, generally a week in duration, with a specific training focus
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Minimal
Least possible; small, the least amount; negligible
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Modify
Change the form or qualities of; make partial or minor changes to something
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Motion Graphics
Sequential representations of images and sound; video; animation; digital multimedia presentation
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Motivation
The direction and intensity of effort
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Motor Learning
The field of study concerned with understanding changes in motor control
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Motor Learning Strategies
The internal processes associated with practice or experience that lead to improving motor control and optimising performance of specialised movement sequences and movement strategies
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Movement
A series of actions or activities directed towards a particular end
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Movement Sequence
A combination of fundamental movement skills and movement elements to enable a body and/or objects to move in response to a stimulus; or a planned order of movements
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Movement Strategies
The variety of approaches that assist a player or team to successfully achieve a movement outcome or goal; include moving into space to receive a pass or hitting a ball away from opponents to make it difficult to retrieve or return the ball
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Multimodal
Uses a combination of at least two modes (e.g. spoken, written), delivered at the same time, to communicate ideas and information to a live or virtual audience, for a particular purpose; the selected modes are integrated so that each mode contributes significantly to the response
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N
Narrow
Limited in range or scope; lacking breadth of view; limited in amount; barely sufficient or adequate; restricted
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O
Objectives
See
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Obvious
Clearly perceptible or evident; easily seen, recognised or understood
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Optimal
Best, most favourable, under a particular set of circumstances
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Organise
Arrange, order; form as or into a whole consisting of interdependent or coordinated parts, especially for harmonious or united action
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Organised
Systematically ordered and arranged; having a formal organisational structure to arrange, coordinate and carry out activities
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Outcome
A conclusion reached through a process; an end result or consequence
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Outstanding
Exceptionally good; clearly noticeable; prominent; conspicuous; striking
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P
Partial
Not total or general; existing only in part; attempted, but incomplete
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Particular
Distinguished or different from others or from the ordinary; noteworthy
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Perception–action coupling
Direct link between the process of interpreting or giving meaning to information from the environment and an action
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Perceptive
Having or showing insight and the ability to perceive or understand; discerning (see also 'discriminating')
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Performance
An assessment technique that requires students to demonstrate a range of cognitive, technical, creative and/or expressive skills and to apply theoretical and conceptual understandings, through the psychomotor domain; it involves student application of identified skills when responding to a task that involves solving a problem, providing a solution or conveying meaning or intent; a performance is developed over an extended and defined period of time; in Physical Education, execution or doing; an action or proceeding; a temporary occurrence, fluctuating over time
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Performance data
Capture of the implementation of performance and engagement in physical activity, including primary data from observations of movement concepts and strategies, and implementation of specialised movement sequences
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Periodisation
Process of structuring training adaptation in phases or cycles
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Persistence
The degree to which the learner retains a skill over time
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Persuasive
Capable of changing someone's ideas, opinions or beliefs; appearing worthy of approval or acceptance; (of an argument or statement) communicating reasonably or credibly (see also 'convincing')
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Perusal time
Time allocated in an assessment to reading items and tasks and associated assessment materials; no writing is allowed; students may not make notes and may not; commence responding to the assessment in the response space/book
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Physical activity
Body movement that is produced by a contraction of skeletal muscle and that increases energy expenditure; below term that includes playing games and sport, and activities such as dance, yoga, tai chi and many other forms of active recreation
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Physical activity context
The interrelated conditions or circumstances in which physical activity exists or occurs that can give it meaning
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Physically educated student
A physically educated student communicates and demonstrates the interrelatedness of learning about, through and in physical activity; makes informed decisions and critical judgments regarding their own and others' involvement in physical activity
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Polished
Flawless or excellent; performed with skilful ease
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Precise
Definite or exact; definitely or strictly stated, defined, or fixed; characterised by definite or exact expression or execution
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Precision
Accuracy; exactness; exact observance of forms in conduct or actions
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Predict
Give an expected result of an upcoming action or event; suggest what may happen based on available information
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Primary data
Raw data that has never been manipulated; gathered through engagement, observation, interview, questionnaire or experiment
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Principle
An accepted or professed rule of conduct or action; a fixed rule or adopted method of action; guiding requirement for right conduct
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Principles of decision-making
A collection of cognitive processes resulting in a course of action influencing outcomes in physical activity
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Principles of training
A collection of factors considered in the development and design of a training program in order to achieve pre-determined performance outcomes
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Procedural knowledge
Knowing how to perform certain activities
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Product
An assessment technique that focuses on the output or result of a process requiring the application of a range of cognitive, physical, technical, creative and/or expressive skills, and theoretical and conceptual understandings; a product is developed over an extended and defined period of time
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Proficient
Well advanced or expert in any art, science, or subject; competent, skilled or adept in doing or using something
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Project
An assessment technique that focuses on a problem-solving process requiring the application of a range of cognitive, technical and creative skills and theoretical understandings; the response is a coherent work that documents the iterative process undertaken to develop a solution and includes written paragraphs and annotations, diagrams, sketches, drawings, photographs, video, spoken presentations, physical prototypes and/or models; a project is developed over an extended and defined period of time
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Propose
Put forward (e.g. a point of view, idea, argument, suggestion) for consideration or action
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Prove
Use a sequence of steps to obtain the required result in a formal way
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Psychological Bases
Psychological bases of physical activity have both biophysical and sociocultural branches
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Psychomotor Procedures
A domain of knowledge in Marzano
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Purposeful
Having an intended or desired result; having a useful purpose; determined; resolute; full of meaning; significant; intentional
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Q
QCE
Queensland Certificate of Education
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R
Rate Limiters
Factors that have an effect on the learning processes of an individual; may include technical, perceptual, tactical, psychological and physiological limits
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Realise
Create or make (e.g. a music, artistic or dramatic work); actualise; make real or concrete; give reality or substance to
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Reasonable
Endowed with reason; having reason or sound judgment; fair and sensible; based on good sense; average; appropriate; moderate
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Recall
Remember; present remembered ideas, facts or experiences; bring something back into thought, attention or into one's mind
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Recognise
Identify or recall particular features of information from knowledge; identify that an item, characteristic or quality exists; perceive as existing or true; be aware of or acknowledge
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Recovery
Overcoming the effect of fatigue
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Recreation
An activity in which people enjoy participating during their free time; often recognised as having socially worthwhile qualities; requires physical exertion
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Refined
Developed or improved so as to be precise, exact or subtle
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Reflect On
Think about deeply and carefully
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Rehearsed
Practised; previously experienced; practised extensively
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Related
Associated with or linked to
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Relevance
The fact of being related to the matter at hand
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Relevant
Bearing upon or connected with the matter in hand; to the purpose; applicable and pertinent; having a direct bearing on
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Repetitive
Containing or characterised by repetition, especially when unnecessary or tiresome
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Reporting
Providing information that succinctly describes student performance at different junctures throughout a course of study
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Resolve
In the Arts, consolidate and communicate intent through a synthesis of ideas and application of media to express meaning
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Routine
Often encountered, previously experienced; commonplace; customary and regular; well-practised; performed as part of a regular procedure, rather than for a special reason
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Rudimentary
Relating to rudiments or first principles; elementary; undeveloped; involving or limited to basic principles; relating to an immature, undeveloped or basic form
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S
Safe
Secure; not risky
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Secondary Data
Data from several sources, including published data (e.g. books, magazines, newspapers, journal articles, reports and periodicals), electronic and online data, government records
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Secure
Sure; certain; able to be counted on; self-confident; poised; dependable; confident; assured; not liable to fail
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Select
Choose in preference to another or others; pick out
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Sensitive
Capable of perceiving with a sense or senses; aware of the attitudes, feelings or circumstances of others; having acute mental or emotional sensibility; relating to or connected with the senses or sensation
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Sequence
Place in a continuous or connected series; arrange in a particular order
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Show
Provide the relevant reasoning to support a response
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Significant
Important; of consequence; expressing a meaning; indicative; includes all that is important; sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy; having a particular meaning; indicative of something
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Simple
Easy to understand, deal with and use; not complex or complicated; plain; not elaborate or artificial; may concern a single or basic aspect; involving few elements, components or steps
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Simplistic
Characterised by extreme simplification, especially if misleading; oversimplified
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Sketch
Execute a drawing or painting in simple form, giving essential features but not necessarily with detail or accuracy; in mathematics, represent by means of a diagram or graph; the sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship and should include features
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Skilful
Having technical facility or practical ability; possessing, showing, involving or requiring skill; expert, dexterous; demonstrating the knowledge, ability or training to perform a certain activity or task well; trained, practised or experienced
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Skilled
Having or showing the knowledge, ability or training to perform a certain activity or task well; having skill; trained or experienced; showing, involving or requiring skill
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Sociocultural bases
The major sociocultural sub-disciplines are the social–psychological, pedagogical, philosophical, sociocultural and historical bases of physical activity
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Solve
Find an answer to, explanation for, or means of dealing with (e.g. a problem); work out the answer or solution to (e.g. a mathematical problem); obtain the answer/s using algebraic, numerical and/or graphical methods
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Sophisticated
Of intellectual complexity; reflecting a high degree of skill, intelligence etc.; employing advanced or refined methods or concepts; highly developed or complicated
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Specialised movement sequences
Combination of specialised fundamental movement skills and movement elements particular to position or event to enable a body and/or objects to move in response to a stimulus; a planned order of movements
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Specific
Clearly defined or identified; precise and clear in making statements or issuing instructions; having a special application or reference; explicit, or definite; peculiar or proper to something, as qualities, characteristics, effects, etc.
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Specifically
Confine to and keep within suggested subject matter
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Sporadic
Happening now and again or at intervals; irregular or occasional; appearing in scattered or isolated instances
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Sport
A human activity that has physical exertion, skills, and strategies as a primary focus, with elements of competition, and for which rules and patterns of behaviour exist formally through organisations
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Stability
The degree of influence of internal and external disruptions when learning a skill
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Straightforward
Without difficulty; uncomplicated; direct; easy to do or understand
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Strategy
A method or combined plan of actions devised to bring about a determined outcome; the strategy emerges from the integration of a scientific base (biophysical, sociocultural, psychological) and physical activity context to optimise the performance and engagement of self and others
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Structure
Give a pattern, organisation or arrangement to; construct or arrange according to a plan
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Structured
Organised or arranged so as to produce a desired result
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Structured Inquiry
The teacher provides students with an issue or question and an outline for addressing it; inquiry stages are structured and are each the focus of class activities either in isolation or through connections structured by the teacher; approach known as teaching for inquiry
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Subject
A branch or area of knowledge or learning defined by a syllabus; school subjects are usually based in a discipline or field of study (see also 'course')
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Subject Matter
The subject-specific body of information, mental procedures and psychomotor procedures that are necessary for students' learning and engagement within that subject
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Substantial
Of ample or considerable amount, quantity, size etc.; of real worth or value; firmly or solidly established; of real significance; reliable; important, worthwhile
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Substantiated
Established by proof or competent evidence
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Subtle
Fine or delicate in meaning or intent; making use of indirect methods; not straightforward or obvious
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Successful
Achieving or having achieved success; accomplishing a desired aim or result
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Succinct
Expressed in few words; concise; terse; characterised by conciseness or brevity; brief and clear
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Sufficient
Enough or adequate for the purpose
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Suitable
Appropriate; fitting; conforming or agreeing in nature, condition, or action
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Summarise
Give a brief statement of a general theme or major point(s); present ideas and information in fewer words and in sequence
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Summative Assessment
Assessment whose major purpose is to indicate student achievement; summative assessments contribute towards a student's subject result
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Superficial
Concerned with or comprehending only what is on the surface or obvious; shallow; not profound, thorough, deep or complete; existing or occurring at or on the surface; cursory; lacking depth of character or understanding; apparent and sometimes trivial
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Supported
Corroborated; given greater credibility by providing evidence
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Sustained
Carried on continuously, without interruption, or without any diminishing of intensity or extent
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Syllabus
A document that prescribes the curriculum for a course of study
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Syllabus Objectives
Outline what the school is required to teach and what students have the opportunity to learn; described in terms of actions that operate on the subject matter; the overarching objectives for a course of study (see also 'unit objectives', 'assessment objectives')
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Symbolise
Represent or identify by a symbol or symbols
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Synthesise
Combine different parts or elements (e.g. information, ideas, components) into a whole, in order to create new understanding
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Systematic
Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical; organised and logical; having, showing, or involving a system, method, or plan; characterised by system or method; methodical; arranged in, or comprising an ordered system
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T
Tactical Awareness
A personal response to the interaction of constraints of environment, task and player during goal-directed behaviour in a physical activity
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Tactical Strategies
The variety of approaches that assist a player or team to successfully optimise performance through the application of specialised movement sequences, movement strategies from principles of play, and body and movement concepts
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Task Constraints
Constraints specific to particular performance contexts including rules, implements, surfaces, performance spaces and boundaries
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Team
A number of people associated in some joint action
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Technique
A method of performance; way of accomplishing
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Test
Take measures to check the quality, performance or reliability of something
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Thorough
Carried out through, or applied to the whole of something; carried out completely and carefully; including all that is required; complete with attention to every detail; not superficial or partial; performed or written with care and completeness; taking pains to do something carefully and completely
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Thoughtful
Occupied with, or given to thought; contemplative; meditative; reflective; characterised by or manifesting thought
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Topic
A division of, or sub-section within a unit; all topics/sub-topics within a unit are interrelated
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Training Methods
A number of ways of exercising during training that incorporate specific intensity levels, durations, muscle groups and movement sequences to achieve pre-determined performance outcomes relevant to a physical activity
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Training Strategies
The variety of approaches that assist a player or team to optimise performance through the application of training methods, principles of training and periodisation
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U
Unclear
Not clear or distinct; not easy to understand; obscure
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Understand
Perceive what is meant by something; grasp; be familiar with (e.g. an idea); construct meaning from messages, including oral, written and graphic communication
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Uneven
Unequal; not properly corresponding or agreeing; irregular; varying; not uniform; not equally balanced
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Unfamiliar
Not previously encountered; situations or materials that have not been the focus of prior learning experiences or activities
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Unit
A defined amount of subject matter delivered in a specific context or with a particular focus; it includes unit objectives particular to the unit, subject matter and assessment direction
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Unit Objectives
Drawn from the syllabus objectives and contextualised for the subject matter and requirements of a particular unit; they are assessed at least once in the unit (see also
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Unrelated
Having no relationship; unconnected
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Unresolved
Undetermined, undecided; not firm in purpose or intent
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Use
Operate or put into effect; apply knowledge or rules to put theory into practice
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V
Vague
Not definite in statement or meaning; not explicit or precise; not definitely fixed, determined or known; of uncertain, indefinite or unclear character or meaning; not clear in thought or understanding; couched in general or indefinite terms; not definitely or precisely expressed; deficient in details or particulars; thinking or communicating in an unfocused or imprecise way
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Valid
Sound, just or well-founded; authoritative; having a sound basis in logic or fact (of an argument or point); reasonable or cogent; able to be supported; legitimate and defensible; applicable
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Values
Meanings or interpretations of human existence that are desirable or important guidelines for actions; objects of quality; properties of worth or merit
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Variable
Apt or liable to vary or change; changeable; inconsistent; (readily) susceptible or capable of variation; fluctuating, uncertain
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Variety
A number or range of things of different kinds, or the same general class, that are distinct in character or quality; (of sources) a number of different modes or references
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W
Wide
Of great range or scope; embracing a great number or variety of subjects, cases, etc.; of full extent
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With expression
In words, art, music or movement, conveying or indicating feeling, spirit, character, etc.; a way of expressing or representing something; vivid, effective or persuasive communication
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