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QUESTION 1 Which of the diagrams correctly represents the forces acting on an object resting on an inclined plane? (A) (B) ©) (D)
QUESTION 2 The definition of average speed is the rate of change of (A) velocity. (B) distance. (C) acceleration. (D) displacement.
QUESTION 3 The diagram shows two vectors. Vector A: 12 km to the east Vector B: 9 km to the south _ Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector when Vector A is added to Vector B. (A) 15km (B) 16.5 km (C) 21 km (D) 108 km
QUESTION 4 The diagram shows a current-carrying loop moving from one magnetic field to another magnetic field in 0.600 seconds. B=3.00mT B=150mT X X X X X % > X X 2 X X X X X X X X X X X Not to scale Calculate the magnitude of the EMF produced in the current-carrying loop. (A) 126x10°°V (B) 126x107°V ) 126x107'v (D) 126x 10>V
QUESTION 5 Which of the following is Lenzs Law? (A) The total electric charge of an isolated system remains constant regardless of changes within the system. (B) The magnetic flux around a current-carrying wire changes in proportion to the rate of change of the current. (C) The direction of an induced electric current always opposes the change in the circuit or magnetic field that produces it. (D) The ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction of a wave is constant when the wave passes between two given media.
QUESTION 6 The definition of relativistic momentum is the (A) momentum of an object when measured in a Newtonian frame of reference. (B) momentum of an object when measured regardless of its frame of reference. (C) momentum of an object when measured in the frame of reference in which the object is in motion. (D) momentum of an object when measured in the frame of reference in which the object is stationary.
QUESTION 7 A quantum of any form of electromagnetic radiation is also known as (A) a photon. (B) an X-ray. (C) apositron. (D) an electron.
QUESTION 8 An object 46 m above the ground is projected horizontally with an initial velocity of 25 m s7L Calculate the horizontal displacement of the object at the time it reaches the ground. (A) 77m (B) 120m (©) 190m (D) 240m
QUESTION 9 Select the list containing the six types of quarks. (A) 1n out up down top and bottom (B) right left charm strange in and out (C) up down charm strange top and bottom (D) charm strange right left top and bottom
QUESTION 10 The force that quarks experience that leptons do not is the (A) weak force. (B) strong force. (C) normal force. (D) electromagnetic force.
QUESTION 11 The diagram shows object A and object B being projected at different velocities. Which of the following statements is true? (A) Object A has a shorter flight time than object B. (B) Object A has a smaller maximum height than object B. (C) Object A has a larger horizontal velocity than object B. (D) Object A has a smaller horizontal displacement than object B.
QUESTION 12 Which of the following is one of Keplers laws of planetary motion? (A) (B) ©) (D) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference. All planets move about the Sun in elliptical orbits having the Sun as one of the foci. The speed of light in a vacuum has the same value c in all inertial frames of reference. The force of attraction between each pair of point particles is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
QUESTION 13 The Rutherford atomic model describes an atom (A) as the smallest particle of any substance. (B) with a small dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. (C) consisting of electrons scattered throughout a sphere of positively charged fluid. (D) consisting of a small positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons in set orbits of fixed energy.
QUESTION 14 Select the list that contains only gauge bosons. (A) gluon photon meson and hadron (B) lepton baryon meson and hadron (C) gluon photon Z boson and W boson (D) Z boson W boson photon and lepton
QUESTION 15 Calculate the orbital period of a satellite travelling on a 3.00 X 10® m radius orbit around the Earth. (A) 1.44 x 102 hours (B) 4.54 x 10? hours (C) 1.64 x 10° hours (D) 7.44 x 10% hours
QUESTION 16 According to the theory of special relativity the concept of simultaneity is best described as (A) when two events occur at the same time. (B) when an observer sees two events occurring at the same time. (C) two events observed to happen at the same time in a particular frame of reference. (D) the relation between two events assumed to happen at the same time when observed from any frame of reference.
QUESTION 17 The definition of magnetic field is (A) (B) ©) (D) a region of space through which the total magnetic flux is measured. a region of space surrounding a body in which another body experiences a force of attraction. a region of space around an electrically charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other electrically charged particles or objects. a region of space near a magnet electric current or moving electrically charged particle in which a magnetic force acts on any other magnet electric current or moving electrically charged particle.
QUESTION 18 Calculate the initial vertical velocity of a projectile with an initial velocity of 68 m s 'atan angle of 51° up from the horizontal. (A) 43ms! (B) 51ms! (C) 53ms! (D) 68ms !
QUESTION 19 A solenoid with 24 loops of wire produces an EMF of 36 V during a magnetic flux change of 0.3 Wb. Calculate the period during which the magnetic flux varied. A) 02s (B) 05s C) 2.2s (D) 50s
QUESTION 20 Calculate the frequency of light that would be required to eject a photoelectron at a velocity of 1.90 x 10° m s~ from a metal plate with a work function of 4.73 eV. (A) 1.14 x 10 ° Hz (B) 1.34x 10 Hz (C) 248 x10° Hz (D) 3.62 x 10'° Hz
QUESTION 21 (3 marks) An object that is 7.12 x 10° m from the centre of the Earth experiences a gravitational force of 2.84 kN. Calculate the mass of the object. kg (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 22 (1 mark) List the six types of leptons. 1. 2 3.
QUESTION 23 (2 marks) Twin astronauts conduct an experiment where one travels with a velocity close to the speed of light to a distant planet while the other stays on Earth. Each twin expects the other to be a different age by the time the first twin reaches and remains on the distant planet. Use the theory of special relativity to explain why the twins will no longer be the same age and draw a conclusion about which twin will be younger.
QUESTION 24 (4 marks) A spaceship travelled from Planet A to Planet B at a speed of 0.90c. An observer that was stationary relative to both planets measured the time taken for the trip to be 4.0 years. Calculate the time taken for the trip as measured by an observer on the spaceship.
QUESTION 25 (3 marks) Mars has an average orbital radius of approximately 1.5 times the average orbital radius of Earth. Calculate the time it takes Mars to orbit the Sun. days (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 26 (3 marks) A photoelectric effect experiment was conducted by shining different frequencies of light on a plate made of an unknown metal. The graph shows the kinetic energies of ejected photoelectrons with respect to the frequency of incident light. 25 20 15 Kinetic energy (eV) Incident frequency (101 Hz) The table shows the work functions of various metals. Work function (eV) Determine which metal 1s most likely to have ejected the photoelectrons in this experiment.
QUESTION 27 (4 marks) The diagram shows a small section of the emission spectrum for a mixture of gases. 565 569 575 582 587 594 600 Wavelength (nm) The diagram shows the atomic energy level diagram for a gas known as Element A. 7 ronisation 145eV N\ _147eV _3.54¢V 5.74 eV Determine whether it is possible that Element A is one of the gases in the mixture.
QUESTION 28 (4 marks) The diagram shows a charged particle moving between two current-carrying wires. [ =4A r =0.5m qg=2nC e> v=333x10°ms L=05A Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on the charged particle. Magnetic force = N (to 2 decimal places)
QUESTION 1 (1 mark) Explain why an object with mass cannot travel at the speed of light in a vacuum.
QUESTION 2 (6 marks) A physicist measured the electric field strength at different distances away from a point charge. The data is plotted in the graph. Electric field strength (N ch a) b) 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 . er2 3 (m) : : : : 1 Identify the mathematical relationship between £ and [3 marks] r Use the mathematical relationship identified in 2a) to deduce the magnitude of the charge creating the electric field. [3 marks] C (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 3 (5 marks) The diagram shows the atomic energy levels of the atoms in an unknown gas. T/ Tonisation -13¢eV 2.7 eV 4.1eV -5.6 eV Predict the shortest wavelength of visible light that could be emitted from this unknown gas. (Note: The range of visible wavelengths of light is between 400 nm and 700 nm.) Wavelength = nm
QUESTION 4 (5 marks) Describe how experiments on the photoelectric effect provide evidence of the quantised nature of photons.
QUESTION 5 (4 marks) An electron is situated halfway between two nuclei that are separated from each other by a distance of 4.5 x 107 m. The first nucleus contains two protons. The second nucleus contains three protons. Calculate the magnitude of the overall electromagnetic force experienced by the electron. N (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 6 (4 marks) The diagram shows a particle Q entering a uniform magnetic field of 0.090 T. The particle has a speed of 1.5 x 10°m s!. Once in the magnetic field the particle moves in a circular path as shown. O e __________________ B=0.090T It is suspected that Q 1s one of the particles listed in the table. Particle number | Charge g (C) Mass m (kg) Determine which particle Q is most likely to be.
QUESTION 7 (3 marks) A photoelectric effect experiment is conducted by shining different frequencies of light on a sample of aluminium. The kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons was measured. The data is plotted in the graph. > S N > e 0 a o o = 2 o p _2 n -3 4 -5 6 Incident frequency (10'* Hz) Identify the mathematical relationship between kinetic energy £ and incident frequency /.
QUESTION 8 (4 marks) The diagram shows an object sliding down a frictionless inclined plane. sy [~ Not drawn to scale The graph shows the velocity of the object measured at various times. 35 30 T 25 g > 20 2 § 15 10 5 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 Time (s) Determine the angle of incline 6. of the inclined plane. Show your working. N
QUESTION 9 (5 marks) Nine planets orbit the same star. The orbital radius and orbital period of each planet was measured. The graph shows the cube of the orbital radius of each planet compared to its orbital period squared T 2 18 ek AN Orbital radius cubed 7* (10°? m?) 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 Orbital period squared 72 (days?) Determine the mass of the star. Show your working. kg (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 1 Leptons do not experience the (A) weak force. (B) strong force. (C) gravitational force. (D) electromagnetic force.
QUESTION 2 Calculate the initial horizontal velocity of a projectile with an initial velocity of 38 m s!atan angle of 42° up from the horizontal. (A) 25ms (B) 28m g1 (C) 34ms! (D) 40ms!
QUESTION 3 Identify the correct formula for the massenergy equivalence relationship. A) E= me? (B) E=mgh ©) E=Lime? 2 (D) E= %mv2
QUESTION 4 The diagram shows two charges (¢ and g ) separated by a distance (d). d g@t> 0 There is a force F acting between the two charges. Calculate the magnitude of the force acting between the two charges if d is halved and the charge of ¢ is doubled. (A) 1IF (B) 2F (C) 4F (D) 8F
QUESTION 5 Mesons are (A) subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. (B) elementary particles that are classified as leptons. (C) elementary particles exchanged between quarks. (D) subatomic particles composed of three quarks.
QUESTION 6 Electromagnetic radiation is (A) (B) © (D) extremely high-frequency radiation emitted from the nucleus of some radionuclides. the emission of energy as waves or particles especially high-energy particles that causes ionisation. a wave of energy produced by an oscillating electric charge resulting in mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. radiant energy consisting of synchronised oscillations of electric and magnetic fields or electromagnetic waves propagated at the speed of light in a vacuum.
QUESTION 7 Normal force is the force acting along an imaginary line (A) parallel to the surface. (B) perpendicular to the surface. (C) opposite to the gravitational force. (D) 1n the same direction as the gravitational force.
QUESTION 8 The diagram shows two displacement vectors. Vector A Vector B s=20m Calculate the resultant vector above the horizontal axis when Vector A is added to Vector B. (A) 43.6m at 36.6° (B) 43.6m at 53.4° (C) 48.4mat 18.1° (D) 48.4 m at 71.9°
QUESTION 9 The Bohr atomic model describes an atom as (A) the smallest particle of any substance. (B) a small dense nucleus orbited by electrons. (C) electrons scattered throughout a sphere of positively charged fluid. (D) a small positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons in set orbits of fixed energy.
QUESTION 10 Proper length is the length measured in the frame of reference where the object is (A) atrest. (B) 1n motion. (C) accelerating. (D) 1n motion but not accelerating.
QUESTION 11 Uniform circular motion occurs when an object is travelling in a circle at a constant (A) speed due to a force of constant magnitude acting in a parallel direction to its velocity. (B) wvelocity due to a force of constant magnitude acting in a parallel direction to its speed. (C) speed due to a force of constant magnitude acting in a perpendicular direction to its velocity. (D) wvelocity due to a force of constant magnitude acting in a perpendicular direction to its speed.
QUESTION 12 Calculate the maximum height reached by a projectile with an initial velocity of 15 m s'atan angle of 30° up from the horizontal. (A) 2.87m (B) 3.83m (C) 8.6l m (D) 11.5m
QUESTION 13 Calculate the orbital period of a satellite travelling around the Earth with a radius of 4.00 X 10% m. (A) 3.49 x 1072 hours (B) 3.94 x 10% hours (C) 6.99 x 10% hours (D) 1.76 x 10° hours
QUESTION 14 Moving electric charges in a magnetic field experience (A) adecrease in charge. (B) an increase in charge. (C) aforce parallel to the direction of the magnetic field. (D) a force perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
QUESTION 15 Which Feynman diagram shows an electron interacting with another electron? (A) (B) Space Space Time Time © (D) Space Space Time Time
QUESTION 16 The weight of a 5 kg object on Earth is (A) 049N (B) 051N (C) 49N (D) 51N
QUESTION 17 Electrical potential energy is the (A) 1ntensity of an electric field at a particular location. (B) difference in potential that tends to give rise to an electric current. (C) capacity of electric charge carriers to do work due to their position in an electric circuit. (D) work done on an electron in accelerating it through an electrical potential difference of one volt.
QUESTION 18 A gravitational field is the (A) net gravitational force per unit mass at a particular point in space. (B) energy stored in an object as a result of its position relative to another object. (C) region of space surrounding a body in which another body experiences a force of gravitational attraction. (D) position in space where objects experience a force or acquire potential energy as they are worked into that position.
QUESTION 19 A spaceship with a velocity of 9.0 X 10 m s! is measured to be 125 m in length by an observer at rest. Calculate the length of the spaceship as measured by somebody on board the spaceship. (A) 119m (B) 131 m (C) 137m (D) 178 m
QUESTION 20 A photoelectron with a kinetic energy of 2.5 X 1077 s ejected when a photon with a frequency of 1.3 x 10 Hz is incident on the metal plate. Calculate the threshold frequency of light required to eject the photoelectron from the metal plate. (A) 6.1 x 107 Hz (B) 3.7 x 10 Hz () 92 x 10 Hz (D) 17 x 10 Hz
QUESTION 21 (3 marks) 169.
QUESTION 22 (3 marks) A planet is orbiting a 3.38 x 10! kg star. The radius of the orbit is 4.23 x 10% km. Calculate the average speed of the planet. Average speed = ms ' (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 23 (5 marks) The diagram shows a metal rod with a mass of 10.0 g and a length of 8.0 cm suspended in a uniform magnetic field of 0.50 T. There is no electric current through the metal rod when it is in Position 1. DC to power supply DC from power supply .'/ K\ Position 1 A;n Not to scale When a current (/) is passed through the metal rod it moves to Position 2 with an angle of 40° to the vertical. DC to power supply DC from power supply Position 2 Not to scale Determine the magnitude of the current required to move the metal rod into Position 2. Current = A (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 24 (3 marks) The diagram shows a 1.5 kg object on an inclined plane with an angle of 30° up from the horizontal. The object experiences a frictional force of 4.5 N. e Not to scale Calculate the magnitude of the net force acting on the object. Magnitude of net force = N (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 25 (4 marks) The graph shows the centripetal forces required to keep objects with different mass in uniform circular motion with a constant speed and constant radius of 20 cm. 7 Centripetal force (N) 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Object mass (kg) Determine the speed of the objects.
QUESTION 26 (5 marks) A physicist has identified the absorption spectrum of an unknown atom. L 421 491 523 Wavelength (nm) The diagram shows the atomic energy levels for three atoms. Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 V0020022 s 7500 T D007 e ge = tige T ties -3.40 eV _ 360eV _ -350eV 13.59 eV -14.02¢V -13.78¢V Not to scale Determine which atom is most likely to be the unknown atom.
QUESTION 1 (3 marks) A charge of 2.8 x 1077 C experiences an electrostatic force of 5.2 X 10~ N when placed near a charge of 32%x 1077 C. Calculate the distance between the two charges. Distance = m (to 2 significant figures)
QUESTION 2 (1 mark) List the four gauge bosons in the Standard Model. 1. 2 3. 4
QUESTION 3 (3 marks) An object undergoes uniform circular motion in a path with a radius of 7. Determine the effect on the radius if the mass of the object is doubled but the centripetal force and velocity remain unchanged.
QUESTION 4 (4 marks) A spacecraft is located between two large asteroids Asteroid A and Asteroid B that are 120 km apart. Asteroid As mass is approximately four times the mass of Asteroid B. Determine the distance of the spacecraft from Asteroid B if it experiences no net gravitational force from the two asteroids. Distance from Asteroid B = km (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 5 (4 marks) An alpha particle with a charge of +3.2 X 107 C moves through an electric field accelerating from rest through a potential difference of 240 V. Determine the velocity of the particle at the end of its acceleration expressing your answer in scientific notation. Velocity = ms (to 2 significant figures)
QUESTION 6 (4 marks) The diagram shows the magnetic field lines inside a solenoid carrying a current of 2 A. P l__--- Not to scale a) Calculate the number of turns per metre that would produce a magnetic field strength of 300 uT at Point P. [3 marks] b) Determine the direction of the magnetic field produced by the solenoid. [1 mark]
QUESTION 7 (6 marks) An object on a planet is launched horizontally from a cliff. Its vertical displacement is measured over 6 seconds. The graph shows the objects vertical displacement with respect to time squared. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Vertical displacement of object (m) 20 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Time squared (sz) a) Determine the mathematical relationship between vertical displacement (s) and time (7). [3 marks] b) Calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the planet. [3 marks] Acceleration = ms > (to 2 significant figures)
QUESTION 8 (4 marks) A photoelectric effect experiment was conducted by shining light from a laser at one frequency on five different metals with known work functions. The graph shows the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons ejected from each metal with respect to their work functions. 4.5 4 pe e N W w W p DN Kinetic energy (10_19J ) 5 6 Work function (10~ 19y ) Determine the wavelength of the light emitted by the laser. Wavelength = nm (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 9 (3 marks) Explain how Youngs double slit experiment provides evidence for the wave model of light.
QUESTION 1 Electromotive force is (A) the production of voltage across an electrical conductor due to its dynamic interaction with a magnetic field. (B) adifference in potential that tends to give rise to an electric current. (C) the repulsion experienced by two negatively charged particles. (D) one of the four fundamental forces.
QUESTION 2 A photon is described as (A) a continuous wave of light energy. (B) a particle that can only propagate in a medium. (C) a quantum of all forms of electromagnetic energy. (D) a particle that mediates the forces between protons.
QUESTION 3 Which free body diagram best represents an object being pulled at a constant speed up an inclined plane? (A) Fx (B) Fx Fr Fr Fy F¢ F F ©) Fx (D) Fx F¢ Fr F{ Fy F F
QUESTION 4 An object orbiting Earth has an orbital period of 5.6 x 10° s. What is the objects orbital radius? (A) 3.8x10°m (B) 6.8x10°m (C) 1.8%x10%m (D) 1.3x10%m
QUESTION 5 Tau particles are classified as (A) bosons. (B) leptons. (C) mesons. (D) baryons.
QUESTION 6 After coherent light has been passed through a double slit the observation of an interference pattern on a screen 1s explained by the (A) wave nature of light. (B) equal width of the slits. (C) discrete packets of photons. (D) distance from the slits to the screen.
QUESTION 7 Which change would produce the greatest increase in magnetic field strength inside a current-carrying solenoid? (A) decreasing the thickness of the wire (B) increasing the length of the solenoid (C) adding more turns of wire to the solenoid (D) using an alternating current instead of a direct current
QUESTION 8 Determine the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave with an energy of 2.4 x 10722 J. (A) 72x10 P m (B) 2.8x10'!'m (C) 83x107°m (D) 1.2x10*m
QUESTION 9 Which diagram would result in the furthest horizontal distance travelled? (A) (B) ©) (D) Not to scale
QUESTION 10 Electric field strength refers to the (A) 1ntensity of an electric field at a particular location. (B) change in electrical potential energy between two defined points. (C) sum of electrically charged particles passing a point in a given time. (D) physical property of an object experiencing a force in an electromagnetic field.
QUESTION 11 The maximum kinetic energy of an electron ejected from a metallic surface can be increased by (A) using a positively ionised metal. (B) using a metal with a larger work function. (C) increasing the intensity of the incident light. (D) decreasing the wavelength of the incident light.
QUESTION 12 An object experiencing uniform circular motion in a horizontal plane travels at an average speed of 8.0 m s Calculate the radius of the objects path if it takes 0.3 s to complete a full rotation. (A) 3.8x10'm (B) 2.6x10°m (C) 1.5x10'm (D) 1.7x10*m
QUESTION 13 A rectangular coil of 3000 turns and dimensions 0.1 m x 0.2 m is rotated in a uniform magnetic field of 2 mT. Calculate the minimum number of revolutions per second required to produce an average EMF of 6 V. A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 13 (D) 50
QUESTION 14 Which Feynman diagram correctly depicts neutron decay? (A) Space (B) Space (©) Space (D) Space Time
QUESTION 15 An objects velocity can only be measured relative to (A) a fixed reference frame. (B) the speed of light. (C) an object at rest. (D) an observer.
QUESTION 16 Two vectors are shown. Which option represents the resultant vector of X + ¥? (A) (B) (© (D) Not to scale
QUESTION 17 An object is in orbit 400 km above the surface of the Earth. The Earth has a radius of 6.4 x 10° m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational field strength experienced by the object? (A) 8.6x10°ms (B) 9.7x10°m s (C) 2.5x10°ms2 (D) 5.9x 10 ms2
QUESTION 18 The primary and secondary coils from a lossless transformer are shown. Primary Secondary Compared to the primary coil the secondary coil will experience decreased (A) power. (B) current. (C) wvoltage. (D) resistance.
QUESTION 19 A current-carrying wire is placed perpendicular to two magnets. As the current in the wire is changed the force acting on it is recorded. P - P - : : : ______________________________________________________________________ e e ] ) : ' 5 ' ' ' ; : : / ' i | -7 - . : . ~ : | : e : : T : 1 -~ : Z 4 ¥ b . : LT : | Msssrmmseme sEReRslE SEnesgEaisse sasrassae Rel Siemini S ____-________i_-____-______ _____-_;_;; f _________________________________________ S : T 3 ' - ' N T @ ' 0 .- O [ - : . o ; - - - - - - 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Current (A) The gradient of the line of best fit is proportional to the (A) potential difference. (B) electromotive force. (C) resistance of the wire. (D) magnetic field strength.
QUESTION 20 Which option lists the gauge bosons in ascending order of the strength of force they mediate? (A) W boson < Z boson < Photon (B) Gluon < Z boson < W boson (C) Photon < W boson < Gluon (D) Z boson < Photon < Gluon
QUESTION 21 (2 marks) A hot iron bar was observed to have a deep red colour. As the iron bar was heated further the colour changed to orange. Explain the observed colour change in terms of black-body radiation.
QUESTION 22 (2 marks) A collection of mesons was observed by a detector to move an average distance of 11.0 m when travelling at 95% of the speed of light. However based on their properties the mesons were expected to travel an average distance of 3.4 m. Explain the difference between the observed and expected average distances.
QUESTION 23 (6 marks) The diagram shows the electron energy levels for hydrogen. [onisation n=>6 -0.38 eV n=>5 -0.54 eV n=4 -0.85eV n=3 1.51eV n=2 -3.40 eV n=] -13.60eV Ground level a) Calculate the energy released in joules when an electron moves from the third to the first energy level. Show your working. [3 marks] Energy released = J (to three significant figures) The visible light emission spectrum for hydrogen is shown. o 410 434 486 656 Wavelength (nm) b) Explain why hydrogen only has four emission spectrum lines in the visible (i.e. 400700 nm) spectrum. [3 marks]
QUESTION 24 (3 marks) A rectangular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 5 mT. <20 cm= Not to scale Calculate the change in flux through the loop when it is rotated 60° around the vertical axis. Show your working. Change in flux = Wb (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 25 (2 marks) Describe how electromagnetic radiation is propagated by the interaction between electric and magnetic fields.
QUESTION 26 (1 mark) Carbon-14 undergoes nuclear decay to nitrogen-14. 1§C 1?N+e_ + 7 List the two types of particles whose total number must be conserved in this reaction.
QUESTION 27 (5 marks) Object A is five times the mass of object B. The graph shows the contribution of each object towards the strength of the net gravitational field between them. e p 0.01 0.001 Gravitational field strength (m s_z) 0.0001 0.00001 0 10 20 30 40 Distance from the centre of A (107 m) Determine the total distance between the centre of the two objects. Show your working. Total distance = m (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 28 (7 marks) An object of mass 200 g moves in a uniform circular path with a radius of 25 cm. The time taken for 10 revolutions 1s 3.0 s. a) Calculate the distance travelled by the object after 3.9 s. Show your working. [2 marks] Distance = m (to two significant figures) b) Calculate the centripetal force acting on the object. Show your working. [5 marks] Centripetal force = N (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 1 (2 marks) Two spaceports are stationary relative to each other. Astronaut A moves from one spaceport to the other at relativistic speed and observes the lights on both spaceports turn off at the same time. Astronaut B is at a stationary position equally distant relative to each spaceport and observes the lights turn off one after the other. Explain why the astronauts view these events differently.
QUESTION 2 (2 marks) Contrast the properties of up quarks and tau particles.
QUESTION 3 (8 marks) Negatively charged oil drops were placed in a uniform electric field generated by two parallel plates. By altering the applied voltage between the plates the oil drops were suspended in the air between the plates. Not to scale The graph shows the electric field strength required (achieved by altering the applied voltage) to suspend negatively charged oil drops of varying weight. 3.5 ' ' T R 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Electrical field strength (1019 Vv m_l) 0.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Oil drop weight (N) a) Determine the average charge on the oil drops. Show your working. [4 marks] Average charge = C (to two significant figures) Another oil drop was suspended between the plates with an electric field strength of 2.0 x 10 vm b) Determine the work done to move this oil drop a distance of 5 mm towards the negatively charged plate. Show your working. [4 marks]
QUESTION 4 (5 marks) A stationary object on a frictionless inclined plane is connected to a 15 kg weight as shown. Not to scale Calculate the mass of the object on the inclined plane. Mass = kg (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 5 (3 marks) The Feynman diagram for a particle interaction is shown. Space Time Describe the particle interaction taking place.
QUESTION 6 (14 marks) A light was shone onto a metallic surface and the subsequently released photoelectron passed through a magnetic field. Magnetic field going into the page Light source / 7 / / / Metal surface 77 a) Identify the direction the photoelectron would have curved as it passed through the changed. magnetic field. [1 mark] The graph shows the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectron as the frequency of the light was 1.4 1.2 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _._____________ 1.0 b) c) 0.8 0.6 0.4 Maximum kinetic energy (eV) 0.2 OO i : | ' | 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 1/4 (10°m) Determine the work function for the metal. Show your working. [4 marks] Work function = J (to two significant figures) If the strength of the magnetic field is 5 uT determine the maximum radius of the photoelectrons path through the magnetic field when light of wavelength 450 nm was shone onto the metallic surface. Show your working. [9 marks] Radius = m (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 7 (3 marks) Two asteroids experience a gravitational force of 3.3 x 10° N between them. Their masses are 2.7 x 10 kg and 6.1 x 10 kg. Calculate the distance between the two asteroids. Show your working. Distance = m (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 8 (4 marks) The graph shows the gravitational force experienced by a rocket of mass 750 kg as it approaches an asteroid. 30 N N N e _ () D Gravitational force on rocket (N) 9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 17 (1073 m Determine the mass of the asteroid. Show your working.
QUESTION 9 (9 marks) A person spins an object 4.3 m above the ground in a horizontal circular path of radius 0.8 m. They release the object horizontally allowing it to travel to the ground. a) Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the object before it is released given it takes 5 s for the object to complete 12 revolutions. Show your working. [4 marks] Centripetal acceleration = ms 2 (to two significant figures) b) Calculate the total horizontal displacement for the object after it is released. Show your working. [5 marks] Total horizontal displacement = m (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 1 The correct definition of lepton number is (A) the total number of leptons in a particle interaction. (B) a conserved quantum number defined by L = n; ny. (C) the number of leptons remaining after a particle interaction. (D) astrictly conserved additive quantum number of a system defined by B = é (ng ng).
QUESTION 2 The weight of an object on Earth is 550 N. The mass of the object is approximately (A) 56kg. (B) 56kg. (C) 5400 kg. (D) 5400 kg.
QUESTION 3 Select the option that contains the two correct postulates of special relativity. (A) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference and the speed of light in a vacuum has the same value c in all inertial frames of reference. (B) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference and the relation between two events is assumed to happen at the same time in all inertial frames of reference. (C) The relation between two events is assumed to happen at the same time in all inertial frames of reference and the laws of physics are not the same in all inertial frames of reference. (D) The relation between two events is assumed to happen at the same time in all inertial frames of reference and the speed of light in a vacuum has the same value ¢ in all inertial frames of reference.
QUESTION 4 The correct definition of Coulombs law is (A) (B) ©) (D) the total electric charge of an isolated system remains constant regardless of changes within the system. the direction of an induced electric current always opposes the change in the circuit or the magnetic field that produces it. when the magnetic flux linking a circuit changes an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the circuit proportional to the rate of change of the flux linkage. like electric charges repel and opposite electric charges attract with a force proportional to the product of the electric charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
QUESTION 5 The graph below presents the results of a photoelectric effect experiment. It shows the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons (Ey) with respect to the frequency of incident photons (f). = Photoelectric effect experiment N S % 80 SA) & 6.0 2 5 50 2 o 40 5 Z 30 = g 20 8 < 10 = 2 00 g 0.0 20 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 > < 14 S Frequency f (x 10 Hz) The gradient of the linear trend line shown in the graph above represents (A) Plancks constant. (B) the work function. (C) the threshold frequency. (D) the power of the light incident on the metal surface.
QUESTION 6 Select the words that correctly complete the description of uniform circular motion. The motion of an object travelling at a in a circle due to a force acting on the object in a direction to the velocity of the object. (A) varied speed parallel (B) varied acceleration parallel (C) constant speed perpendicular (D) constant velocity perpendicular
QUESTION 7 Calculate the electric field strength (E) at 2 cm from a charge of 2.5 C. (A) 5.6x10°NC' (B) 23 x10°NC (C) 11x102NC! (D) 5.6 x10°NC
QUESTION 8 Which of the following is a correct consequence of the speed of light in a vacuum being the same for all observers? (A) The frame of reference of the observer is always the real frame of reference. (B) Observations of events in distant galaxies are observations of events that occurred in the past. (C) A clock that is moving relative to an observer will tick faster than a clock that is at rest in the observers own frame of reference. (D) When measured by a stationary observer the length of a moving object is smaller than the length of the object when it is measured in its own frame of reference.
QUESTION 9 The diagram below shows a wire that is carrying an electric current. Point Y o 1 i The direction of the magnetic field around the wire at point Y is (A) up the page. (B) 1nto the page. (C) down the page. (D) out of the page.
QUESTION 10 Which model of the atom would predict the continuous emission of electromagnetic energy resulting in the instability of the atom? (A) Bohrs model of the atom (B) Daltons model of the atom (C) Rutherfords model of the atom (D) Thomsons plum pudding model of the atom
QUESTION 11 A rocket with a velocity of 0.9 ¢ journeys from Earth to a distant planet. An observer on Earth measures the journey to have taken 3.00 years. Calculate the time taken for the journey as measured by a clock on the rocket. (A) 0.95 years (B) 1.31 years (C) 6.88 years (D) 9.48 years
QUESTION 12 Which two gauge bosons mediate the weak nuclear forces? (A) gluon and photon (B) gluon and Z boson (C) photon and Z boson (D) W boson and Z boson
QUESTION 13 Calculate the resulting radius of circular motion when a 150 g mass travelling at 3.0 m s experiences a centripetal force of 15 N. (A) 3.0cm (B) 90cm (C©) 1lcm (D) 20cm
QUESTION 14 The correct definition of the term antiparticle is (A) aparticle with a known substructure. (B) aparticle with no known substructure. (C) anparticle with the same mass and opposite charge and/or spin as a corresponding particle. (D) aparticle with a different mass and the same charge and/or spin as a corresponding particle.
QUESTION 15 Calculate the gravitational field strength at a distance of 3.63 x 10®* m from the centre of the Earth. (A) 496 x102 ms (B) 1.80x 10 ms (C) 3.02x10°ms (D) 1.10 x 10°m s72
QUESTION 16 Complete the following definition of magnetic flux density by identifying the two missing words. The strength of a magnetic field or the number of lines per unit area. (A) magnetic field (B) magnetic force (C) electromagnetic field (D) electromagnetic force
QUESTION 17 The Feynman diagram below represents an interaction of particles. Space Time Select which particle interaction is represented by the diagram above. (A) aneutron decaying into a proton (B) aproton decaying into a neutron (C) an electron and electron interaction (D) an electron and positron interaction
QUESTION 18 Select the list that only contains quarks. (A) (B) ©) (D) down charm top and strange muon up down and neutrino meson gluon photon and boson anti-up anti-neutrino charm and strange
QUESTION 19 . 2 . . Select the two formulas that along with v = g can be used to derive Keplers third law of planetary motion. F (A) Fgmgandg; (B) F = GMm 2 <) a.= UT and F o = e GMm mu? (D) F= rand Foet =
QUESTION 20 Complete the following. (A) (B) © (D) A moving electric charge generates a meson field. baryon field. magnetic field. gravitational field.
QUESTION 21 (1 mark) Define the term baryon.
QUESTION 22 (3 marks) A projectile has an initial velocity of 12 m s at an angle of 35° above the horizontal. Calculate the vertical component of the projectiles initial velocity. Show your working. Velocity = m s~ (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 23 (3 marks) A 5 kg object 1s experiencing a centripetal force of 80 N and is moving in uniform circular motion with a speed of 8 m s'. Calculate the radius of the circular path. Show your working. Radius = m (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 24 (3 marks) Explain one possible interaction between an electron and a positron. Clearly label the Feynman diagram below to support your answer. Space Time Note: If you make a mistake in the diagram cancel it by ruling a single diagonal line through your work and use the additional diagram on page 10 of this question and response book.
QUESTION 25 (4 marks) The diagram below shows a moving charged particle in a magnetic field. X X X X X X X X B=0.02T X X X X X Calculate the mass of the charged particle using the information provided in the diagram above. Show your working. Express the solution using scientific notation. Mass = kg (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 26 (2 marks) Youngs double slit experiment provides evidence for the wave model of light. Identify one piece of evidence and explain why this supports the wave model of light.
QUESTION 27 (3 marks) Object A has an initial horizontal velocity of 4 m s Calculate the angle at which Object B needs to be projected if it has an initial speed of 17 m s but the same initial horizontal velocity as Object A. Show your working.
QUESTION 28 (6 marks) The diagram below shows an object initially at rest on a frictionless inclined plane. < 1 Calculate the time it will take for the object to slide 10 m along the slope. Show your working. Time = s (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 1 (5 marks) Two objects each with a mass of 2.5 x 107 kg are separated by a distance 7 m m The gravitational force (F) between the two objects was measured at various distances (r). The data is plotted in the graph below. Gravitational force vs. the inverse square of the distance F (X 1078 N) 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 r2(m?) a) Identify the mathematical relationship represented by the linear trendline in the graph on page 2. Show your working. [3 marks] b) Use the information provided and the mathematical relationship between F and r identified in 1a) to determine an experimental value for the gravitational constant G. Show your working. Express the solution using scientific notation. [2 marks] Experimental valueforG=__ = Nm?kg? (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 2 (2 marks) The diagram below shows an electric current-carrying wire. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field around the electric current-carrying wire at point A. Show your working. Express the solution using scientific notation. Magnitude=_____ @@ T (to the nearest whole number) Direction =
QUESTION 3 (8 marks) The diagram below shows two forces acting upon an object. This diagram is not to scale. Calculate the resultant force acting upon the object and the direction of acceleration. Show your working. Force = N (to the nearest whole number) Direction = (to 1 decimal place)
QUESTION 4 (5 marks) The graph below shows the results of a photoelectric effect experiment where the photoelectrons were ejected from an unknown metal plate. Photoelectric effect data o L L N N . oo o N ~ (@)} (00} N o 4 Maximum photoelectron kinetic energy Eyx (X 1077 ]) | N Frequency f (X 10 Hz) The table below shows the work functions of various metals. Work function W (eV) a) Identify the mathematical relationship between Ey and f using the information from the graph on page 6. Show your working. [3 marks] b) Draw a conclusion from the data about which metal is most likely to have ejected the photoelectrons in this experiment. Show your working. [2 marks]
QUESTION 5 (6 marks) Below are two diagrams. The diagram on the left shows the energy level diagram for an unknown gas while the diagram on the right shows the emission spectra for three different elements (A B and C). Energy level diagram Emission spectra 413 nm 496 nm 590 nm Energy (eV) .Z /__/__/ Z /_Z .Z /_ lonisation Element A D:I:D > )(nm) g g -2.7¢eV on Nel AN < <r > )\ (nm) -5.7 eV g § c c c on S o o N <r w w -8.2¢eV &8 m8m8m8m8m8m > L (nm) Draw a conclusion as to which emission spectra would be produced from the unknown gas. Support your answer with calculations. (Note: Do not include transitions from ionisation to any of the energy levels.)
QUESTION 6 (5 marks) Below is an image of Youngs double slit experiment and a graph showing the intensity and wavelength of light emitted from a black body. Youngs double slit experiment Black-body radiation curve X - |'-| Classical theory Min. \ Max \ Min. \ | Max \ Min g ! Light source @ | :[ d Max. g i \\ Min. ! \ ) Max. i AN | Min. E Max. i Min. i Max. ; Screen Wavelength Describe waveparticle duality of light by referring to the evidence above.
QUESTION 7 (6 marks) The diagram below shows two projectile motion scenarios Object A and Object B. Object A is released from an unknown height above the ground. It takes 4.20 seconds to reach the ground. At the same instance that Object A is released Object B is projected at an angle of 30.0° from the horizontal. Calculate the horizontal displacement of Object B given that it lands at the same time as Object A. Show your working. Horizontal displacement=____ m (to the nearest whole number)
QUESTION 8 (8 marks) A ladder measured at 20 m in length when stationary is carried horizontally by Observer A at a velocity of 0.9 c through a barn. The barn is 15 m long and has an open door at either end. Observer B sitting in the barn presses a button when they see that the ladder has completely entered the barn. Observer B sees both the front and rear barn doors instantaneously close and then open again at the same time the button is pressed. Explain how this could be viewed as a paradox and conclude whether the ladder will make contact with the barn doors. Support your explanation and conclusion with calculations.
QUESTION 1 An object is unable to accelerate to the speed of light because (A) length contraction will change the height of the object. (B) time dilation will decrease the velocity of the object. (C) the object will gain infinite momentum. (D)_ the inertia of the object will decrease.
QUESTION 2 Photons are (A) (B) (C) (D) gauge bosons that exhibit wave characteristics. particles that can only travel in a medium. mediators of the weak nuclear force. leptons with no charge.
QUESTION 3 A current-carrying wire is shown. 2.0 cm Nottoscale J=0.5A Determine the magnetic field strength at X. (A) 5x 10° T out of the page (B) 5x 10° T into the page (C) 5x 10°* T out of the page (D) 5x 10° T into the page
QUESTION 4 Kepler’s third law (A) describes the elliptical orbit of planets. (B) combines Newton’s first law of motion with uniform circular motion. (C) equates the area of the arc sweep of a planet to the time taken to complete it. (D) describes the relationship between uniform circular motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation.
QUESTION 5 Young’s double slit experiment demonstrates that light (A) behaves differently in different frames of reference. (B) shares characteristics with mechanical waves. (C) isa longitudinal wave. (D) acts like a particle.
QUESTION 6 An object of mass 6.0.x 107 kg travels along a path as shown. The object takes 25 seconds to complete the semicircular section of the path. Yoo _ # aN 7 \ / \ 7 \ < ra 160m | / } Yo / 7 / s fo Z 7 Va Not to scale a Calculate the centripetal force experienced by the object as it moves from Y to Z. (A) 3.0x10°N (B) 7.6x107N (C) 3.8x10°N (D) 7.6x10'N
QUESTION 7 An electron and positron can annihilate into a photon producing another electron and positron pair in the process. An outcome of this interaction is that (A) total mass decreases. (B) fewer baryons will be produced. (C) the lepton number does not change. (D) the number of particles will decrease.
QUESTION 8 Incident light with a frequency of 1.70 10!° Hz is shone onto a metal surface with a work function of 1.00 10718 J. Determine the kinetic energy of a photoelectron ejected from the metal surface. (A) 7.9x101 eV (B) 1.7x10°P eV (C) 13x10’ ev (D) 2.0x10°% eV
QUESTION 9 A magnet is passed through a solenoid comprising five turns and a cross-sectional area of 0.60 m” to produce an EMF of 0.75 V. Calculate the EMF if the same magnet passes through another solenoid with three times as many turns and half the cross-sectional area at the same rate. (A) 0.89V (B) 1.1V (C) 4.0V (D) 4.5V
QUESTION 10 A black body at a temperature of 6040 K produces photons across a range of frequencies. Calculate the frequency at which the maximum number of photons is produced. (A) 6.3x10!4 Hz (B) 2.1x10° Hz (C) 4.8x107’ Hz (D) 1.6x10°° Hz
QUESTION 11 Coulomb’s law describes the observation that (A) an electromotive force in a circuit may be induced through changes in the magnetic flux. (B) charged particles moving across magnetic field lines experience a force. (C) achange in the electromotive force is opposed. (D) like electric charges repel one another.
QUESTION 12 What is a consequence of symmetry in particle interactions? (A) (B) (C) (D) The law of conservation of momentum is obeyed. Charges on particles will always be different. Antiparticles travel backwards through time. Total mass of the particles will decrease.
QUESTION 13 A magnet moving through a coil of wire will induce a current with a magnetic field (A) parallel to the electric field. (B) opposite in direction to the change in flux. (C) inversely proportional to the electromotive force. (D) that will continue to fluctuate once the magnet is removed.
QUESTION 14 An electron is best described as a (A) lepton with a larger mass than a positron. (B) baryon with a smaller mass than a proton. (C) meson that experiences the strong nuclear force. (D) particle whose interactions can be mediated by photons.
QUESTION 15 Two objects experience a gravitational force F between them. Calculate the magnitude of the force acting between the two objects if the distance between them was doubled and the mass of one object was doubled. 1 (A) red 1 (B) 5 (C) 1F (D) 2F
QUESTION 16 A train is travelling at relativistic speed and is about to move through a tunnel. An observer on the train measures the train and tunnel to each be 95 m long. A second observer is stationary relative to the tunnel. They would observe the train to (A) simultaneously enter and exit the tunnel. (B) decrease its mass while in the tunnel. (C) move faster while in the tunnel. (D)_ be shorter than the tunnel.
QUESTION 17 The half-life of an unstable subatomic particle is measured by a stationary detector to be longer when its velocity approaches the speed of light. This is because the particle (A) is moving relative to its frame of reference. (B) isin the same frame of reference as the detector. (C) experiences time differently relative to the detector. (D) cannot be accurately observed at relativistic speeds.
QUESTION 18 A 20 kg object is placed on an inclined plane with a slope of 35°. If the object experiences a frictional force of 40 N and no additional applied force calculate its acceleration down the inclined plane. (A) 3.6ms~ (B) 5.6ms~ (C) 6.0ms~ (D) 7.6ms~
QUESTION 19 Calculate the electric field strength experienced at a distance of 2.8 x107!! m from the centre of a helium nucleus. (A) 1.0x10°NC! (B) 2.0x10°NC! (C) 3.7x10?NC! (D) 7.3xl0*NC!
QUESTION 20 The energy level diagram for a simple atom is shown. UMMM Bed) n=4 3.4 n=3 ~6.0 n=2 -13.6 n= | —— 54.4 Not to scale What transition is allowed for an electron that absorbs a photon with a frequency of 6.3 «10!4 Hz? (A) n=l1ton=3 (B) n=l1ton=4 (C) n=2ton=3 (D) n=3ton=4
QUESTION 21 (4 marks) Describe how the atomic model proposed by Bohr addresses the limitation of Rutherford’s model.
QUESTION 22 (3 marks) Particles move at a rate of 1.3x10° times per second around a circular particle accelerator with a radius of 35 m. Calculate the average speed of the particles. Show your working. Average speed = ms! (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 23 (1 mark) List the forces that can be experienced by leptons.
QUESTION 24 (4 marks) A solenoid consisting of 1240 turns is shown. Not to scale 40 cm IT=0.50A Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field inside the solenoid. Show your working. Magnitude = T (to two significant figures) Direction =
QUESTION 25 (3 marks) An observer who is stationary relative to a moving spaceship measures the velocity of the spaceship to be 2.0x108 ms . Calculate the length of the spaceship if the observer records it as 18 m. Show your working. Length = m (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 26 (4 marks) Calculate the energy (in electron volts) of a photon with a wavelength of 405 nm. Show your working. Energy = eV (to three significant figures)
QUESTION 27 (5 marks) A satellite orbits a planet of mass 6.42 x 107° kg at a height of 5000 km from the surface. The planet has a diameter of 6780 km. Determine the speed required for the satellite to maintain its orbit. Show your working. Speed = ms! (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 28 (2 marks) The Feynman diagram for a neutron decaying into a proton and electron is shown. Space Time Describe the significance of the electron antineutrino in this particle interaction.
QUESTION 1 (3 marks) Describe the effects of relativistic travel on an object.
QUESTION 2 (5 marks) In a frictionless system object A rests on an inclined plane and object B undergoes horizontal circular motion. The two objects are connected by a length of string as shown. Not to scale Determine the speed of object B needed for object A to remain stationary. Show your working. ms! (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 3 (8 marks) Three charges are in a straight line as shown. +5.0 wC +5.0 uC +40 uC S T U e~«~_ re 2r e Net force on T= +2.8 N a) Calculate the electric field strength at 7. Show your working. [2 marks] Electric field strength = NC! (to two significant figures) b) Determine the value of r. Show your working. [6 marks] r= m (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 4 (3 marks) Two objects on different planets experience different accelerations due to gravity. Mass (kg) | Acceleration due to gravity (m 5) Ea Determine which object has the greatest force acting on it. Show your working.
QUESTION 5 (4 marks) Describe what happens when light is shone onto a metallic surface in the context of the photoelectric effect.
QUESTION 6 (10 marks) A ball is thrown with an initial velocity of 8.0 m s! into a bucket as shown. 3.0m 1.8m Not to scale a) Calculate the time taken for the ball to reach its maximum height. Show your working. [4 marks] Ss (to two significant figures) b) Calculate the magnitude of the ball’s final velocity when it enters the bucket. Show your working. [6 marks] Final velocity = ms! (to two significant figures)
QUESTION 7 (5 marks) Discuss the nature of light by describing evidence from two key experiments.
QUESTION 8 (6 marks) A length of wire AB is placed across an incomplete loop sitting within a magnetic field as shown. Wire AB then moves with a constant velocity of 40 m gt creating an induced EMF of 23 pV. xX xX x xX xX xX x 1.4m x x x x x x x Not to scale a) Determine the magnitude of the magnetic field strength experienced by the loop. Show your working. [4 marks] Magnetic field strength = T (to two significant figures) b) Draw aconclusion about the direction of the induced current within the loop. Justify your reasoning. [2 marks]
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