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QUESTION 7 The graphs show the thermal performance curve for a fish species and the projected water temperature for a habitat where the fish are found. 16 ‘ ‘ 15 Performance Temperature (°C) p— [\ 4 13 14 15 16 17 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Temperature (°C) Time (year) Select the graph that best describes the projected change in the fish population from its initial value in 2000. (A) p— S O N S Population (%) - 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Time (year) (B) [— S O N S Population (%) - 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Time (year) © — S S N S Population (%) - 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Time (year) = T T ] p— S O N S Population (%) - 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Time (year)
QUESTION 2 Infer the projected vulnerability of coral reef habitats to a 450 ppm atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. (A) low—moderate (B) moderate—high (C) high—very high (D) very high
QUESTION 18 Select the option that would have the greatest impact on increasing marine fish stocks. (A) banning bottom trawling (B) reducing coastal pollution (C) 1improving governance and enforcement (D) increasing the number of marine protected areas
QUESTION 22 Oysters were exposed to increasing levels of a heavy metal over 35 days. The table below shows the nanograms of heavy metal per gram of dry weight oyster tissue. Days after Treatment level Sl High : : 4000 7 2 7 10 4 000 14 2 10 28 4 500 21 2 15 35 5000 28 2 20 40 10 000 35 2 21 42 12 500 At which exposure level could this species best be used to show bioaccumulated heavy metal levels? (A) high (B) medium (C) low (D) very low
QUESTION 21 The graph below shows the results of a reef survey. Simpson Diversity Index (functional groups) 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 Rugosity The graph suggests that habitat rugosity between 1.22 and 2 supports (A) lower levels of functional group diversity. (B) greater levels of functional group diversity. (C) optimal levels of functional group diversity. (D) stabilised levels of functional group diversity.
QUESTION 23 Which of the following is not a central component to the precautionary principle of ecosystem management? (A) (B) ©) (D) decreasing public participation in decision-making exploring a wide range of alternatives to harmful actions shifting the burden of proof to those who caused the activity taking preventive action when scientific knowledge is uncertain
QUESTION 26 (2 marks) Identify one factor that can affect the reliability of fishery population data and a limitation of this factor.
QUESTION 32 (3 marks) The black marlin sport fishing industry requires fishers to tag every marlin captured. Interpret the recorded number of black marlin tagged and recaptured by sport fishers from 1968 to 1978. 1968 26 1969 51 1970 110 1971 184 1972 288 1973 438 1974 337 1977 170 1978 Total tagged 2576 W O Total recaptured Identify three features of this dataset that would affect its reliability if it was used to set a sport fishing quota to manage the present Australian marlin fishery. 1. 2. 3.
QUESTION 3 (4 marks) Over the past 10 years aquaculture has been increasingly used to produce seafood for Australian and export markets. The figure below shows the gross value of aquaculture production in Australia for 2005-06 and 2015-16. 700 000 o 7 7 400 000 e D2 5 N e N A A .55 s s R N e o S 5 A e e TS o T S i T i £ g e 1T B e S S P T e S G ity o V .................................................................................... |:| 2005—06 |- —— Value ($) 1V e Other Rock Prawns Salmon- Abalone Tuna Oyster Crab Scallop Squid lobster ids Species Identify two trends shown in the data and give reasons for the associated value of aquaculture production in Australia. 1. oA
QUESTION 5 (3 marks) The oceans surrounding Australia have relatively small upwellings due to the dampening effects of its four major currents. Explain how El Niiio’s effect on the East Australian Current affects the distribution of Australia’s fish populations and associated primary productivity.
QUESTION 15 (3 marks) The figure below shows the Northern Prawn Fishery data for blue endeavour prawn spawning stock biomass (SSB) and spawning stock biomass at maximum economic yield (SBygy). The timeline of implementation of a management plan is shown below: e 1977 — first management plan e 1987 — mid-season closure with restrictions e 2000 — target set for a spawning stock biomass that produces maximum sustainable yield (MSY) e 2004 — target set for a spawning stock biomass that produces maximum economic yield (MEY) 200 —— SSB/SB zy % 909 \ /N SN e Target reference point 100 ........................................................................................................................ SSBISB . % 50 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2009 2015 Year From the above information appraise the adoption of the maximum economic yield model for this fishery.
QUESTION 13 (2 marks) Identify two features of current commercial aquaculture that limit its ability to address food security. 1. 2.
QUESTION 12 When compared to maximum sustainable yield maximum economic yield has (A) more effort lower cost and lower profit. (B) less effort greater cost and lower profit. (C) less effort lower cost and greater profit. (D) more effort greater cost and greater profit.
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