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QUESTION 1 (4 marks) Use evidence from the graph to describe the global pattern of life expectancy. Life expectancy by region 1950—2020 Life expectancy at birth (years) 90 80 60 50 40 ~% Northern America . —»> Europe Latin America & the Caribbean ‘ == World I Asia ‘ —@ Africa 0 Ke) oO Ke) oO Ke) oO Ke) [o) Ke) Oo ‘o 5 - J 5s CO SO oO Ww) oO WwW) lo) WwW) oO Ko) (o) lO és u “| 5 Lo LO i<o) ico) wR ed foe) foe) fe) oO 2 w J i o oOo oO) oOo oOo o oOo oOo o o> 2 8 Ss :
QUESTION 1 (5 marks) Use evidence from the graph to identify two patterns of migration. Describe an impact of each pattern on a relevant country’s population. Russian Federation | Germany | United Kingdom ! Ukraine 3 France | Italy | Spain : Poland | Romania | Portugal | Netherlands Switzerland | Belgium | Belarus 3 Sweden | Austria | Greece 3 Serbia. Bulgaria | Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Top 20 European migrant countries 2019 5 0 5 10 40 20 20 Percentage of population So Migrants (millions) Key |__|] Emigrant [i Immigrant
QUESTION 2 (4 marks) Explain the type of pattern shown in the figure and provide two reasons the pattern could change over time. Map of the USA 2020 One dot = 7500 people
QUESTION 2 (4 marks) Refer to the population map to explain why Bangladesh has the highest population density in the region. Explain one implication for people and one implication for place in Bangladesh as a result of high population density. Population per country (millions) 2018 Bangladesh 164 Qe San ames
QUESTION 3 (5 marks) Analyse the graphs and explain three challenges facing Japan in relation to natural population change. Provide evidence to support your response. Japan population by age Japan working age population (15—64 years) 1970 and 2065 (projected) 1970-2065 (projected) 12 — fon) oe) Working age population (millions) & oN N 0 8 4 0 4 8 12 ~ = xe Population (millions) — N os Year Japan total fertility rate 1970—2065 (projected) 2.5 2.0 2 £15 ia — 1.0 ew 0.5 0.0 S on) Va) ™ N SO nN op) on) _ N N Year
QUESTION 4 (13 marks) a) Use the table to create a graph showing the population change over time for all suburbs. Provide your answer on the grid. [6 marks] Population data for selected Melbourne suburbs 1996-2016 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 South: Melbourne 6859 T7144 8790) 9317 10 920 Eltham North 4809 7448 7949 6841 6805 South Morang 2348 5020 12 323 20 873 24 060 b) Analyse the graph you created in Question 4a) to explain a geographical challenge for the suburb with the fastest population growth. Provide two examples of the challenge. [7 marks]
QUESTION 5 (12 marks) a) Construct a graph on the grid provided on the next page to show the relationship between the two sets of data for Mexico in the table. [7 marks] Urban population and percentage of population experiencing food security Mexico 2018 (millions) food security (%) le b) Analyse the graph you constructed in Question 5a) to interpret the relationship evident. Infer how this relationship might impact internal migration in Mexico. [5 marks]
QUESTION 5 (9 marks) a) Represent the data from the table in a migration flow map using five categories. Provide your response on the map on the next page. [5 marks] Migration to and from Argentina 2015 Country Migration to Migration GDP per capita Argentina from Argentina (USD) Paraguay 679 044 25 066 5406 Peru = 470713 4016 6227 419 048 10 684 3035 213119 16212 13789 132749 5658 15613 48792 15178 8814 b) Use evidence from the table and the map you created for Question 5a) to identify the type of migration to Argentina providing examples to support your response. What is an implication of this type of migration? [4 marks] Map of South America Bolivia Chile Argentina Uruguay 1000 km ay \__> I I I S eye ~ ee
QUESTION 2 (13 marks) a) Use the data in Table | to create a scattergraph showing the correlation between GDP per capita and RNI for all countries in Table 1. Provide your answer in the graph paper. Table 1: Gross domestic product (GDP) and rate of natural increase (RNI) for selected countries 2016 Region Africa South America Europe b) Analyse the graph you created in 2a) to describe the spatial pattern and identify the relationship evident. Make inferences about how Niger could move closer to Country Algeria Angola Benin Burkina Faso Egypt Niger Tanzania Uganda Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Albania Finland France Italy Norway Spain the line of best fit. GDP per capita (USS) 2723 3308 789 627 3478 364 877 580 8649 13 792 5805 6018 6049 4125 43 430 36 857 30 669 70 867 26 615 RNI (%) 1.8 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.0 3.8 3.1 3.3 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.3 —0.2 0.3 0.0 [6 marks] [7 marks]
QUESTION 3 (7 marks) Analyse the fertility graphs to explain the patterns and trends evident. Make inferences about the impact of these trends on population change in both regions. Total fertility for Europe and Africa 1955-2015 Europe 8 — World fi cox Eastern Europe — Europe —— Southern Europe eee Western Europe Northern Europe Total fertility (live births per woman) & 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year Africa 8 — World 7 xox Eastern Africa — Africa —— Southern Africa ---e Western Africa eee Middle Africa Northern Africa Total fertility (live births per woman) A 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year
QUESTION 5 (4 marks) Analyse the maps to explain the process evident and identify one geographical challenge for Kinshasa arising from this process. Maps of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo 1994 2000 and 2013 1994 — Population 4.2 million UST SU ie 5 <= Rural area AS SES L e insha
QUESTION 4 (10 marks) a) Complete the diagram below by drawing typical population pyramids that represent the population structure for each stage of the Demographic Transition Model shown in Figure 1. [5 marks] Typical population pyramid Figure 1: Demographic Transition Model Birth rate Death rate Birth and death rates (per 1000 people per year) Y p b) Refer to the Demographic Transition Model and the population pyramids you created in 4a). Ty Explain how the Demographic Transition Model is applicable to contemporary populations and identify the implications for places that are in Stage 5. [5 marks]
QUESTION 3 (6 marks) Analyse global patterns for fertility rates shown in the map to make an inference about a geographical challenge for countries where fertility rates are below replacement fertility. Total fertility rate 2019 North Europe Ss America Dg y 4- ‘Eastern Asia E> > yk Central Ne NS South-East America > P Central east Asia wa MO South 7 America Australia and New Zealand Key Children born per woman < 1.55 1.55—1.99 2.0—2.34 IY) 2.35-3.0 WH 3.01-4.00 WM 4.01-5.05 Mi > 5.05
QUESTION 4 (11 marks) a) Use the data in the table to construct a graph showing the old age dependency ratio (older persons per 100 working-age persons) for the selected countries. [4 marks] Old age dependency ratio selected countries 2020—2075 (projected) Australia 31 48 oe [ep Germany | 36) fede f NS | as oe ee : b) Analyse the graph you constructed in Question 4a) to describe the trends evident. Provide a reason to explain the projected trend for Italy. [5 marks] c) Foracountry other than Italy explain a geographical challenge arising from the trend in projected old-age dependency. [2 marks]
QUESTION 6 (16 marks) Analyse Stimulus 1—7 in the stimulus book to make inferences about a geographical challenge for Lagos. Apply your understanding from the analysis to generalise about the impacts of the identified challenge on people or place.
QUESTION 5 (8 marks) Analyse Figure 2 to identify the implications for global population considering the changing patterns of fertility rates for China and India. Figure 2: World population by level of fertility over time 1950—2010 Afghanistan Philippines lran “*. | 6 ' oO T 5 E . Undis = rT Ty . : S 5 oo Indonesia SS os - Zz = . CT +r 1 = -— &4 1 : S a te ! = 2 ‘ ! 52 ‘Saudi Arabia : ro) * India E treeenetennoaee s Indo = 1 \ Z DB reeeee eorheeeee epee eeree eee eeen ew ee ew ww pele] eee ee ee eee ee ee Mee ee eee ‘eee 2 } Japanysn eae Canada’s =... ' ay 1 Thaler Italy 7 fi be ot dapan_ 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Cumulative share of the world population AS 1950-55 (global average fertility 4.97) —— 1975-80 (global average fertility 3.86) s# *. 2005-10 (global average fertility 2.5) Global replacement fertility rate in 2015
QUESTION 6 (16 marks) Analyse Stimulus 1—5 in the stimulus book to make inferences about a geographical challenge arising in the West Africa Sahel region. Based on your analysis make generalisations about the impacts of the identified challenge for people or places.
QUESTION 3 (7 marks) Analyse the data for Italy and Ireland shown on the maps to explain the concept of age dependency ratios. Identify a challenge for Italy or Ireland arising from the evident dependency pattern. Two maps showing age dependency ratios Europe 2017 Key Ratio of old people per 100 working-age people Sa [ |] 12-14 15-17 [_] 18-22 23-27 I 28-29 [Ag 30-31 32-33 a OA Hi 34-36 lreland - ?
QUESTION 6 (15 marks) Analyse the data and information in the stimulus to make inferences about the demographic challenges arising from the internal migration of Chinese workers. Extrapolate from your analysis to generalise about the impact of a demographic challenge on people or places.
QUESTION 7 (16 marks) Analyse Stimulus 1—8 in the stimulus book to make inferences about a geographical challenge arising from the temporary migration of people from the Philippines to work in foreign countries. Based on your analysis make generalisations about the impacts on places of origin focusing on one region.
QUESTION 6 (16 marks) Analyse Stimulus 1-8 in the stimulus book to make inferences about a geographical challenge arising from the migration of people to Dhaka in Bangladesh. Based on your analysis make generalisations about the impacts of the identified challenge for people or places.
QUESTION 4 (8 marks) Analyse the graphs to explain three features of the dominant migration pattern evident for Bangladesh. Explain an implication of this pattern. Reasons and destinations for migration Bangladesh 2014 Type and destination of migration 1% Permanent migration international 11.3% Temporary migration international 10.7% Permanent migration within Bangladesh 77% Temporary migration within Bangladesh Main reasons for migration 2.4% Political unrest 1.2% Other reasons 20.3% Marriage and family reunion 56.9% 16.8% Better employment Studying opportunities education in the city 2.4% Better employment opportunities in agriculture
QUESTION 1 (4 marks) a) Explain the concept of the rate of natural change. [1 mark] b) Explain how different rates of natural change shape the identity of places. [3 marks]
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