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QUESTION 8 The table shows the effect of average maximum air temperatures during January on average crop yields for two varieties of two crops. January average Average crop yield (t/ha) ° Predict which variety of which crop is most likely to be productive and adapt to increasing average air temperature. (A) Crop X Variety | (B) Crop X Variety 2 (C) Crop Y Variety 1 (D) Crop Y Variety 2
QUESTION 11 This graph shows recorded Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) values for Australia from 2000 to 2018. 30 . j) AD. ay [M ayy “ao TTA! WP —20 —30 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Year A survey of an area in eastern Australia showed that there was an increase in invasive plant species lower native vegetation cover shallow soil depth and signs of erosion. During which year was this survey most likely taken? (A) 2009 (B) 2011 (C) 2013 (D) 2016
QUESTION 17 (5 marks) Explain how land clearing can influence climate change. Identify three subsequent impacts on Earth’s biosphere.
QUESTION 15 Volcanic ejecta can affect global climate. Following a large-scale eruption sulfur dioxide aerosols 1n the atmosphere convert to sulfuric acid in the stratosphere. This results in (A) the Earth’s lower atmosphere cooling. (B) adecrease in reflection of solar radiation. (C) adecrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide. (D) the Earth’s atmosphere warming due to acid rain.
QUESTION 5 (10 marks) a) b) Use Stimulus 3 and 4 in the stimulus book to infer the impacts that changes in climatic conditions will have on crop productivity for Site A and Site B. Justify each inference with one piece of evidence from each stimulus. For each site propose a strategy that could be used to protect or enhance agricultural production. Justify your proposals using data from the stimulus. [6 marks] [4 marks]
QUESTION 20 (5 marks) The map models changes in winter sea surface temperature from 2006 to 2100. 30.0°S 35.0°S Melbourne 40.0°S 45.0°S / _\ 140.0° E 150.0° E 160.0° E a) Explain a likely change in fisheries distribution and sustainability in area A. b) Identify a mitigation strategy for the change identified in Question 20a) that could be implemented by the Australian government. c) Identify a mitigation strategy for the change identified in Question 20a) that could be implemented by local fisheries. Temperature change (°C) [3 marks] [1 mark] [1 mark]
QUESTION 1 (3 marks) This question refers to Stimulus | in the stimulus book. a) Determine the approximate maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for the fish population. [1 mark] b) It is expected that the carrying capacity of the fishery will decline due to climate change. If the fishery continues to be harvested at the MSY predict the future trend in the graph and the likely outcome. [2 marks]
QUESTION 2 (5 marks) This question refers to Stimulus 2 in the stimulus book. a) Contrast the climatic conditions that would be expected for the continental configurations in Map A and Map B. Show your reasoning using three pieces of evidence from the maps. [3 marks] The opening of the Drake Passage (see Map C) allowed the formation of a very large current that circles Antarctica known as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. b) Explain expected differences in Antarctica’s climate between Map B and Map C. [2 marks]
QUESTION 10 Sea ice extent is the area of ice that covers the Arctic and Antarctic Ocean at a given time. The graph shows Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent anomalies and trends for 1980-2017. The most likely reason for the difference between Antarctic and Arctic extent changes since 1980 is (A) significant glacial melting. (B) decreasing salinity of the Arctic Ocean. (C) the presence of a continental crust beneath Antarctica. (D) a greater increase in northern hemisphere atmospheric temperatures.
Difficulty: C
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Paper 1
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2023
QUESTION 4 (9 marks) Refer to Stimulus 4 in the stimulus book. a) Identify the endpoint of the last glaciation period. b) Identify the relationship between the type of pollen and global temperature in the last 160 000 years. Support your response with evidence from the graphs. c) Explain one advantage of using pollen to indicate historical climate change. Support your response with evidence from the graphs. [1 mark] [6 marks] [2 marks]
QUESTION 22 (5 marks) a) Using Stimulus 2 in the stimulus book identify the relationship between global temperatures and the concentration of heavy oxygen ('%O) in fossils. [1 mark] b) Using Stimulus 3 in the stimulus book explain why ice cores with oxygen isotopes can be used to provide evidence for climate change. [4 marks]
QUESTION 5 (8 marks) Use Stimulus 1 in the stimulus book to answer the following questions. a) | Compare the ability of birds and amphibians to adapt to increases in global temperature. . . a [3 marks] b) — Infer how similar increases in global temperatures would affect insect populations. [5 marks]
QUESTION 6 (15 marks) a) Identify which figure from Stimulus 2 in the stimulus book best represents data from La Nifia years. Justify your decision. b) Using Stimulus 3 in the stimulus book identify the trend in frequency of tropical cyclones across the Australian region from 1970 to 2016. c) Using data from Stimulus 3 draw a conclusion about the trend in severe tropical cyclones that have occurred between 1970 and 2016. Justify your conclusion. d) Using Stimulus 2 and Stimulus 3 predict the frequency and magnitude of drought and flooding events in Northern Queensland in the future. Justify your predictions. e) Predict the effect of future drought events on erosion vegetative distribution patterns and ecosystem regeneration. Justify your predictions. [2 marks] [1 mark] [3 marks] [3 marks] [6 marks]
QUESTION 5 (10 marks) a) b) Use Stimulus 3 and 4 in the stimulus book to infer the impacts that changes in climatic conditions will have on crop productivity for Site A and Site B. Justify each inference with one piece of evidence from each stimulus. For each site propose a strategy that could be used to protect or enhance agricultural production. Justify your proposals using data from the stimulus. [6 marks] [4 marks]
QUESTION 3 (6 marks) This question refers to Stimulus 2 in the stimulus book. a) Determine the change in average air temperature required for the length of the gonotrophic cycle to decrease from 10 days to 5 days for Aedes aegypti. [2 marks] b) Predict the effect of an average annual 2 °C increase in temperature on the population and distribution of Aedes albopictus. Justify your prediction using two pieces of evidence from the stimulus. [4 marks]
QUESTION 12 An increase in the melting of Arctic ice caps would slow down ocean circulation due to (A) water layers of different salinities in the ocean. (B) higher air temperatures in the Arctic. (C) the slower flow rate of cold water. (D) denser water entering the ocean.
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