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QUESTION 17 (5 marks) Explain how land clearing can influence climate change. Identify three subsequent impacts on Earth’s biosphere.
QUESTION 15 Volcanic ejecta can affect global climate. Following a large-scale eruption sulfur dioxide aerosols 1n the atmosphere convert to sulfuric acid in the stratosphere. This results in (A) the Earth’s lower atmosphere cooling. (B) adecrease in reflection of solar radiation. (C) adecrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide. (D) the Earth’s atmosphere warming due to acid rain.
QUESTION 4 The amount of incoming solar radiation as measured on the Earth’s surface is least affected by the (A) axial tilt of Earth relative to the sun. (B) shape of Earth’s orbit around the sun. (C) activity of sunspots on the sun’s surface. (D) gradual shift in the orientation of Earth’s axis of rotation.
QUESTION 18 (6 marks) The graph shows the rate of carbon dioxide emissions and absorption between 1920 and 2020. Global CO (Gt) a) b) 50 40 30 20 10 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year Key — Emissions ---- Absorption Explain the net effect of the trends in carbon dioxide emissions shown by the graph. [2 marks] Suggest a likely cause of the trends identified in Question 18a). Explain the implications of the trends for the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the climate. Show your reasoning. [4 marks]
QUESTION 2 (5 marks) This question refers to Stimulus 2 in the stimulus book. a) Contrast the climatic conditions that would be expected for the continental configurations in Map A and Map B. Show your reasoning using three pieces of evidence from the maps. [3 marks] The opening of the Drake Passage (see Map C) allowed the formation of a very large current that circles Antarctica known as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. b) Explain expected differences in Antarctica’s climate between Map B and Map C. [2 marks]
QUESTION 5 (11 marks) a) Explain the effect of land clearing on the composition of Earth’s atmosphere. [4 marks] Refer to Stimulus 5 in the stimulus book. b) Predict the impact on the composition of the atmosphere if the global methane budget stays the same. [4 marks] c) Draw aconclusion about the significance of anthropogenic contributions to the methane budget and the effect on global temperatures. Explain your reasoning. [3 marks]
QUESTION 5 (8 marks) Use Stimulus 1 in the stimulus book to answer the following questions. a) | Compare the ability of birds and amphibians to adapt to increases in global temperature. . . a [3 marks] b) — Infer how similar increases in global temperatures would affect insect populations. [5 marks]
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