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QUESTION 9 In a regional river system which of the following 1s most likely to increase the risk of salinity? (A) lower water extraction from the river system (B) increased nutrient run-off from pastures (C) an algal bloom in the river system (D) long periods of drought
QUESTION 5 (12 marks) a) Describe the process of eutrophication. Using the data in Stimulus 4 in the stimulus book explain why eutrophication would occur in the creek. Infer where this process is likely to have taken place providing two reasons to support your inference. [9 marks] b) To mitigate the potential effects of the sewage water was released from a dam located further upstream. Propose three ways that this release would improve water quality. [3 marks]
QUESTION 8 Which abiotic factor naturally reduces the growth of algal blooms in the waters of temperate lakes? (A) increasing fish populations (B) increasing nutrient levels (C) decreasing temperature (D) decreasing salinity
QUESTION 17 (5 marks) a) b) Identify which years on the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) graph in Stimulus 4 in the stimulus book represent the climatic conditions at X from Stimulus 5 in the stimulus book. Justify your response using evidence from the graph. Identify which years in Stimulus 4 were likely to have the largest recharge of natural river systems in the location marked by X in Stimulus 5. Explain your reasoning. [3 marks] [2 marks]
QUESTION 5 (10 marks) a) b) Use Stimulus 3 and 4 in the stimulus book to infer the impacts that changes in climatic conditions will have on crop productivity for Site A and Site B. Justify each inference with one piece of evidence from each stimulus. For each site propose a strategy that could be used to protect or enhance agricultural production. Justify your proposals using data from the stimulus. [6 marks] [4 marks]
QUESTION 7 (11 marks) This question refers to Stimulus 5—8 in the stimulus book. In January 2020 it was claimed that ‘management of the Namoi River catchment has had a negative impact on the availability and quality of fresh water in local ecosystems’. Water restrictions for general use in towns in the catchment area were implemented in December 2019 to increase the availability and quality of fresh water for local ecosystems. a) Draw aconclusion about whether the catchment has been managed effectively. Provide two reasons to support your conclusion. [3 marks] b) Discuss the claim made about the management of the catchment by using the stimulus to identify three possible causes and associated impacts on the local ecosystem. Propose and justify a solution to address the impacts. [8 marks]
QUESTION 6 Which option best describes the effect of dam provisioning? Water availability downstream Water quality of dam ee (a) |) ow | tw
QUESTION 19 (5 marks) A study was conducted when a sudden algal bloom was discovered in a waterway that runs adjacent to a dairy paddock. Fertiliser had been applied to the paddock several weeks before. Dissolved oxygen pH and turbidity were measured at various distances from the source of the waterway. — Value So FPF NO W BN Any ww WO Oo CW F—>r'rklkhe SW FF SS Ww je>hh Y Uj Uj 7 U; SSL > e SG 'r>e>e. 0 40 60 8 Distance from water source (m) fo) No om) — S&S jo) Key [Dissolved oxygen (ppm) pH WW! Turbidity (NTU) Draw a conclusion about possible anthropogenic causes of the algal bloom. Show your reasoning referring to each variable measured in the graph.
QUESTION 17 The graph shows the volume of water in a local dam as a proportion of its capacity. 100 Xe) ro) ioe) om) I i) Volume (% capacity) as | 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Year The locality experienced a flooding event in 2013. The change in dam capacity between X and Y can be explained by (A) an overflow of the dam wall causing catastrophic dam failure. (B) arelease of environmental flow water from the dam. (C) asecondary flooding event. (D) further significant rainfall.
QUESTION 7 (5 marks) Two farmers received data that indicated that their properties were affected by salinity. Both farmers implemented salinity mitigation measures. Farmer A fenced off the area affected by salinity and sowed a mixture of tall grasses. Farmer B replanted a previously wooded hill area. Compare the two methods that the farmers used to combat their salinity problems and predict a probable outcome for each method.
QUESTION 7 (11 marks) This question refers to Stimulus 5—8 in the stimulus book. In January 2020 it was claimed that ‘management of the Namoi River catchment has had a negative impact on the availability and quality of fresh water in local ecosystems’. Water restrictions for general use in towns in the catchment area were implemented in December 2019 to increase the availability and quality of fresh water for local ecosystems. a) Draw aconclusion about whether the catchment has been managed effectively. Provide two reasons to support your conclusion. [3 marks] b) Discuss the claim made about the management of the catchment by using the stimulus to identify three possible causes and associated impacts on the local ecosystem. Propose and justify a solution to address the impacts. [8 marks]
QUESTION 14 Algal blooms caused by nutrient run-off impact long-term water quality by decreasing (A) acidity. (B) turbidity. (C) light availability. (D) dissolved oxygen.
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