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QUESTION 10 DNA profiling using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis allows the comparison of (A) genes. (B) entire genomes. (C) DNA fragments. (D) specific sites of mutations.
QUESTION 26 (4 marks) a) State the three components of a DNA nucleotide. [1 mark] b) Describe the steps involved in DNA profiling. [3 marks]
QUESTION 4 (2 marks) Explain the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process and provide an example of its application.
QUESTION 2 Which stage of making recombinant DNA requires DNA ligase? (A) cutting (B) joining (C) 1solation (D) transformation
QUESTION 27 (2 marks) Explain the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA profiling.
QUESTION 9 Which of the following is a biotechnological application of DNA profiling? (A) gene therapy (B) food security (C) drug discovery (D) epigenetic analysis
QUESTION 27 (4 marks) An experiment compared different strains of bacteria. A wild type (WT) of bacteria and two mutant strains mutant 1 (M1) and mutant (M2) that had different disrupted genes were investigated. Maximal growth rate was used as a determinant of success rate. The results of the experiment are shown below. (a) Competitive ability (b) Growth rate (c) Maximal growth rate 0 ‘“;-_ 0.2 3 0.3 9 2 ~ 0.2 O [ = o 1 © 0.1 O o) — S 0.0 .S_: 0 £ 0.0 c -1 %. —-0.1 0-0.1 = 5 -2 O -0.2 -3-0’—0.2 -3 -0.3 s M1 M2 WT M1 M2 WT M1 M2 WT Strain Strain Strain a) Draw conclusions about the competitive ability and growth rate of the wild type of bacteria used in this experiment. [2 marks] b) Appraise the outcome of the data and determine the success rate of the mutations for this species. [2 marks]
QUESTION 11 Restriction enzymes (A) (B) (C) (D) join DNA into a single strand. cut DNA at specific locations. add nucleotides to a growing DNA strand. assist in the amplification of recombinant DNA.
QUESTION 18 Calcium chloride (CaCl ) is a chemical used in bacterial transformation. An experiment was conducted to determine how the concentration of calcium chloride affects the transformation efficiency of large and small plasmids. Error bars show standard error. | Key — Small plasmids .———- Large plasmids Transformation efficiency (104 cfu/1g) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 CaCl concentration (M) The data suggests that (A) the optimal concentration for transforming small plasmids is 0.15 M. (B) transformation efficiency is highest at concentrations greater than 0.1 M. (C) large plasmids have higher transformation efficiency than small plasmids. (D) there is less variation in transformation efficiency of small plasmids when concentration is less than 0.2 M.
QUESTION 19 Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on (A) size with larger fragments travelling further through the gel. (B) size with smaller fragments travelling further through the gel. (C) charge with more positively charged fragments travelling further through the gel. (D) charge with more negatively charged fragments travelling further through the gel.
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