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QUESTION 1 Identify the hormone that causes cell elongation in plants. (A) auxin (B) ethylene (C) gibberellin (D) abscisic acid
QUESTION 3 Legume pasture species can support sustainable plant production by (A) increasing groundwater recharge. (B) improving soil structure/porosity. (C) removing excessive sodium from the topsoil. (D) improving potassium availability in soil for plant use.
QUESTION 18 Identify the genetic technique used to naturally combine desirable genes found in two or more different plant varieties to produce superior pure-breeding offspring. (A) grafting (B) hybridisation (C) tissue culture (D) genetic modification
QUESTION 21 (4 marks) Use an example to explain the process that an agricultural plant product undergoes between harvest and sale to the consumer.
QUESTION 30 (3 marks) Use an example to explain two benefits for farmers who use genetically engineered crops.
QUESTION 2 (3 marks) a) Identify an advantage of tissue culture and explain how this can be used in an agricultural setting. [2 marks] b) Describe the genetic relationship between the original plant and the new plant in the process of tissue culture. [1 mark]
QUESTION 5 (4 marks) Identify two plant pests or diseases that are significant for plant industries. Describe why each pest or disease 1s a major issue for its respective industry. Plant pest/disease 1: Plant pest/disease 2:
QUESTION 7 (4 marks) An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of spraying different concentrations of a hormone on the maturation of different apple varieties. a) Identify the plant hormone that was applied to the apples. Explain the effect this hormone has on apple maturation time using evidence from the graph. [2 marks] b) Identify the optimum concentration of hormone that should be applied to Golden apples. Provide reasoning to support your decision. [2 marks]
QUESTION 8 Crossbreeding involves developing new plant varieties by crossing offspring from (A) related plants with themselves. (B) unrelated plants of different varieties. (C) related plants until the offspring are purebred. (D) plants of different varieties by using pollen in sterile cultures.
QUESTION 14 Chlorothalonil is a fungicide that controls downy mildew in zucchinis. The recommended application schedule is 7 to 14 days. When disease pressure is high the manufacturer recommends spraying at 2.5 L/ha at 7-day intervals. Identify the total volume of fungicide required for a 3.5-ha zucchini crop over a 2-week period in which 10 mL of rain has fallen. (A) 7.00L (B) 8.75L (C) 17.50L (D) 26.25L
QUESTION 17 The graphs show the effect of 25 mg/L GA; spray applied to mandarin trees on peel fresh weight (I) pulp fresh weight including juice content (II) and peel:pulp ratio (III). Error bars indicate standard error. 40- Key I 36- (se s: || Control Peel fresh weight 7 (e/fruit) > . E 25 mg/L GA; | 2875 1207 Il 110- Pulp fresh weight - (g/fruit) ™ NS WY! WY WW MM 90- = WW WIR WK SN o2) on) | ur N Na Il Peel:pulp ratio ae aE Fwy Lh IN IW N Oo | WI 2 40 N oS 8 Time after application (days) A conclusion that could be drawn from this experiment is that GA; treatment (A) slowed the increase in peel weight during maturation. (B —_ significantly decreased the pulp weight during maturation. (C —_ significantly delayed the naturally occurring decrease in peel:pulp ratio. (D — significantly increased the peel weight compared to the control treatment.
QUESTION 3 (3 marks) Explain the role of a beneficial organism in a plant production system. Use two examples in your response.
QUESTION 4 (4 marks) The table shows the effect of increasing foliar application of magnesium on the average number and weight of chilli fruits at harvest. Uncertainties indicate 95% confidence intervals. Number of fruits | Fresh weight of fruits (g) 7.0 +0.1 139.0 + 1.0 50 ppm 17.0 + 0.6 226.0 + 1.2 100 ppm 18.3412 260.0 + 1.2 150 ppm 21.0 + 1.2 274.0 + 1.2 Use the data to discuss how foliar application of magnesium affects the yield of chilli plants.
QUESTION 7 (5 marks) A beef producer in southern Queensland wants to take advantage of an unseasonal late-winter rainfall of 110 mm and plant a summer forage crop. The beef producer is unsure if the crop will be grazed off or mechanically removed as hay or bale-wrapped silage. This decision will depend on future growing conditions. The table shows the mean rainfall usually experienced in the region. The information in the graphs describes the characteristics of three different varieties of forage sorghum suitable for the region. Fn ee Nov [ De Mean rainfall 129.8 | 144.0 | 104.7 | 43.0 | 45.3 26.8 | 24.2 | 49.5 104.3 (mm) Key Rating: | | Sorghum A sl. 1 = poor 7 Sorghum B Hayman SZ 9 = excellent Sorghum C yy EC—C—“‘($NCOUC 9 8 Late summer/ 3 a Beef grazing 2 carryover feed 2 Wd Lu a) ee 3 7 9 Sheep grazing 4 Round bale silage 6 4 6 Determine the best variety of forage sorghum for this producer to plant. Justify your decision with four pieces of evidence from the data.
QUESTION 8 (3 marks) Explain the term cultural practice. Give two examples of cultural practices used in a plant production system.
QUESTION 3 The table shows a planting strategy for a producer planning to use the cotton variety Bollgard 3 which carries the Bt insecticidal protein. It includes refuge areas planted with non-Bt cotton and pigeon pea. Spraying of cotton is performed before bolling begins to ensure a threshold population is not reached and reduce the incidence of resistant moths. Cotton Irrigated sprayed Refuge cotton Irrigated unsprayed Pigeon pea Irrigated unsprayed What is the primary reason for this planting strategy in terms of integrated pest management? (A) Either refuge crop allows breeding of non-resistant bollworm moths to dilute genetic resistance. (B) Either refuge crop will attract most of the bollworm moths away from most of the cotton. (C) Pigeon pea is planted to provide a refuge for predatory insects of the bollworm moth. (D) Pigeon pea is planted to improve the nutrient profile of the soil.
QUESTION 11 The diagram shows the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen gas (N>) in atmosphere Animal protein Plant protein Lightning Ammonia (NH) Nitrate (NO3) in soil in soil The organisms responsible for the process occurring at point I in the diagram are (A) nitrifying bacteria. (B) denitrifying bacteria. (C) decomposing bacteria. (D) nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
QUESTION 13 What function does abscisic acid perform in plants? (A) inhibiting growth (B) stimulating root growth (C) decreasing internodal length (D) increasing rate of ripening fruit
QUESTION 17 An experiment tested the effect of a hormone applied to dwarf peas at three different concentrations. 34 Mean plant height at 21 days (cm + SE) 1 2 3 - Hormone concentration group After 21 days on average plants in (A) group | grew less than group 2. (B) group 4 grew less than group 3. (C) group 3 grew more than group 1. (D) group 4 grew more than group 1.
QUESTION 18 Controlled traffic as a land management practice in agricultural production is used to (A) reduce soil compaction. (B) improve the soil microbiology. (C) increase organic matter in the soil by retaining stubble. (D) incorporate matching land capabilities for long-term sustainability.
QUESTION 21 (4 marks) The graph shows the relationship between the mean wheat yield and the crop rotation system used. 3600 3000 2400 1800 Mean wheat yield (kg/ha) 600 - 0 | | —_— 3510 3347 | 3166 | 2566 2950 | 2658 1200 _ CW CW WWWW W LW CWWW Crop rotation M | 3422-—_ W : CM W Key W=wheat C=canola L = lupin M = medic Note: Canola has a deeper tap root system than medic species. Draw a conclusion about which crop rotation will allow the greatest opportunity for sustainable plant production. Justify your conclusion using evidence and explain two benefits of this crop rotation system.
QUESTION 23 (2 marks) Explain the process of tissue culture and its use in agricultural production.
QUESTION 4 (5 marks) The graph shows the effect of different preservative treatments on the shelf life of radish. 10 9 Treatment A | Control 8 Treatment B | 0.6% calcium nitrate 7 > Treatment C | 0.6% humic acid > 6 3 2 5 Treatment D | 0.6% calcium nitrate 2p and 0.6% humic acid 5 4 n 3 2 1 0 A B C D Treatment a) Identify differences between each of the treatments used. [3 marks] b) Identify a negative effect of using preservatives on radish crops and explain the potential effect on consumer satisfaction. [2 marks]
QUESTION 1 A farmer has purchased a neglected overgrown orchard. Which option would be the initial strategy to use in an IPM strategy? (A) chemical control of pests and diseases (B) biological control using predators (C) physical removal of vegetation (D) physical traps for insects
QUESTION 3 The table identifies the functions of different plant hormones. Function Hormone Ethylene | Gibberellin | Abscisic acid Cumin Gowwnawiy |v |e x ovene [wv x x1 < v Seed dormancy Identify which hormone contributes primarily to reproductive stage development in plants. (A) auxin (B) ethylene (C) gibberellin (D) abscisic acid
QUESTION 18 Minimum tillage practices can (A) (B) (C) (D) speed up water loss from the soil profile. increase the rate of carbon loss from the soil. reduce disease and populations of soil-borne pests. improve infiltration of water through the soil profile.
QUESTION 21 (4 marks) Explain the post-harvest processes involved in getting a horticultural plant product of your choice from the farm to the shop.
QUESTION 23 (8 marks) The Varroa mite is a honeybee parasite that has a major impact on overseas honey and related enterprises killing large populations of bees and weakening colonies. If uncontrolled Varroa mite infestation in honeybee colonies severely impacts honey production but can also affect a wide range of pollination-reliant crops. a) b) Cc) d) Identify two management strategies that beekeepers or biosecurity officers could implement to restrict the movement of Varroa mite outside of an infested area. [2 marks] Identify another pest associated with an agricultural animal of regional importance and explain its effect on this animal. [2 marks] Describe two stages of the life cycle of the pest from Question 23b). [2 marks] Identify the point in the life cycle of the pest from Question 23b) where it is most vulnerable and explain why. [2 marks]
QUESTION 24 (3 marks) Explain how sowing rates and plant spacings differ between dryland and irrigated environmental conditions for a broadacre crop of your choice.
QUESTION 27 (3 marks) Aphids are a common pest in cereal crops. The table identifies different control methods. Control method Monitoring aphid population Crop rotation Preserving predators e.g. ladybirds Introducing enemies e.g. parasitic wasps Use of insecticides Use of seed dressings a) Identify which control methods are biological controls. [1 mark] b) Explain two advantages of using biological controls. [2 marks]
QUESTION 3 (3 marks) Explain one positive and one negative consequence of genetic modification for a plant of your choice.
QUESTION 6 (3 marks) a) Identify an asexual plant propagation method. [1 mark] b) Describe the method identified in Question 6a) using an agricultural example. [2 marks]
QUESTION 5 The figure below shows the differently sized seeds of various agricultural crops pastures and weeds. The diagrams are drawn to scale. From the information in the figure which of the following seeds is most likely to successfully establish if planted deeper in the soil? (A) giant foxtail (B) soybeans (C) wheat (D) corn
QUESTION 7 The figure below shows the results of a trial conducted on cotton seedlings to investigate the effect on internodal length of applying an unknown hormone to the seedlings. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 — Hormone --- Control aa a oe = - - Thad - Internodal length (mm) =o - -=—-—= te _ ad - = - _ - — 0 5 10 15 20 Time (days) Analyse the results in the figure to determine the phase of the trial where the seedlings showed the greatest percentage response to the hormone application. (A) days 0 to 5 (B) days 5 to 10 (C) days 10 to 15 (D) days 15 to 20
QUESTION 15 In terms of plant production “biological control’ means pest and disease control methods (A) that use chemicals. (B) _ that introduce a natural enemy or predator. (C) where the pest is attacked and/or destroyed. (D) that use a combination of synthetic techniques.
QUESTION 25 (3 marks) Define the following plant terms. a) herbicide b) nematicide c) grafting [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark]
QUESTION 26 (2 marks) Explain why tissue culture is used in breeding new plant varieties.
QUESTION 5 (3 marks) a) Identify a soil management technique. [1 mark] b) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of this technique in terms of sustainable production. [2 marks]
QUESTION 12 Refer to Stimulus | in the stimulus book. Question 12 has four parts: a) b) c) and d). You must respond to all four parts. Assess the opportunity that the family has for sustainable practices in their operation. a) Explain three positive practices in their current management. b) Identify two management actions that the manager could take that would improve sustainability. Address water/soil management and weed management. Give reasons to support each action. c) Identify three future risks that the family should manage for their operation to remain sustainable. d) For one of the identified risks explain why it would be considered a risk to the future sustainability of the family’s operation. [9 marks] [6 marks] [3 marks] [2 marks]
QUESTION 4 (4 marks) The table contains agronomic information for three different varieties of an agricultural crop. spot (disease) (disease) Rust (disease) Yellow leaf Crown rot Acid soils Key Disease resistance Acid soil tolerance S Susceptible T Tolerant MS Moderately susceptible — I Intolerant R Resistant MR Moderately resistant Draw a conclusion about which crop variety should be used in high rainfall areas. Justify your conclusion with three pieces of evidence.
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