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QUESTION 7 Commercial fishing from native fisheries must be sustainable to continue. The graph shows the commercial catch of a marine species from a native fishery measured in tonnes (t) from 2008 to the end of 2017. — f= — E es €¢ 2 8 8 & & Commercial catch (t} oo as 700 60M AS MCCS ‘Year Which of the following options represents the approximate average annual decrease in commercial catch between the start of 2008 and end of 2017? (A) 41 tonnes (B) 55 tonnes (C) 65 tonnes (D) 72 tonnes
QUESTION 8 The table shows the annual sources of income from the sale of animals for a fat lamb enterprise. Price per head Cartage (%) Determine the gross annual income of the enterprise. (A) $52560 (B) $77235 (C) $84 465 (D) $85 485
QUESTION 9 Which part of the PPRR model of risk management best demonstrates a producer’s decision to sell non-breeders during a drought? (A) prevention (B) preparedness (C) response (D) recovery
QUESTION 10 The table shows catalogue EBV information for two rams of the same breed at a sale. Litter 8-week | Maternal Scan Muscle | Fat depth size weight Se depth Ram 1EBV | 0.30 | 4.39 ke | 0.02 kg | 10.36 kg | | 5.1mm | | 051mm | ete | ee Aonowf «| * |» |» | | 9 | 2 Ram | would be the preferred sire for a producer to use if they wanted to breed better ewes and finish lambs over a longer period because (A) Ram 1 has a higher maternal EBV than Ram 2. (B) Ram | has higher muscle and fat depth EBVs than Ram 2. (C) lambs will still have a respectable growth rate compared to lambs produced from Ram 2. (D) ewe lambs retained for breeding would produce more lambs and grade better at slaughter.
QUESTION 17 An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different fertiliser treatments on the fruit yield of apple trees. Each fertiliser treatment was made up of a base of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium (NPK) and a combination of mineral or organic material. The table shows the mean values + confidence interval (CI) at 95% level. Fertiliser treatment Yield per tree (kg) NPK + zeolite 22.6 + 0.6 NPK + cattle manure 237+04 NPK + chicken manure 235+0.3 NPK + zeolite + cattle manure | 21.0 + 1.0 The conclusion supported by the data is (A) NPK + cattle manure significantly increased yield per tree compared with NPK + zeolite. (B) NPK + chicken manure significantly increased yield per tree compared with NPK + cattle manure. (C) NPK + zeolite + cattle manure significantly increased yield per tree compared with NPK + chicken manure. (D) NPK + cattle manure significantly increased yield per tree compared with the other fertiliser treatments.
QUESTION 28 (7 marks) Mulesing involves the removal of wool-bearing skin from the breech area of a sheep. In 2008 over 95% of wool growers used this technique (without pain relief) to prevent flystrike in their flocks. The graph shows the change in the percentage of wool growers who either do not practise mulesing ceased mulesing or use pain relief with mulesing. The table shows how long it would take to improve resistance to flystrike in sheep using an alternative method to mulesing. [|] Pam relief [ij] Ceased mulesing ra Wl Not mulesed S Wool growers % 3 Wrinkle score Risk Proportion of flock (%) Note: An assessment of wrinkle score will provide an indication of breech flystrike risk. 30% at risk can be culled and maintain a stable flock. a) Use the graph to calculate the percentage change in producers who practised mulesing with pain relief between February 2009 and February 2019. Show your working. [2 marks] b) Use the table to identify the alternative method to mulesing. [1 mark] c) Draw aconclusion about how willing wool producers were to adopt this method. Use data to justify your conclusion. [4 marks]
QUESTION 29 (4 marks) The table shows data from a greenhouse trial which was conducted to compare hydroponic and soil-grown strawberries. Mean mass of individual berries + SD (g) 5.4 + 3.0 71 43.7 Water use (L) 1363 1968 Analyse the data to determine the best growing medium for strawberries in a market in which the price per kg is 10% higher for hydroponically grown strawberries.
QUESTION 1 (4 marks) The table shows average Angus herd EBVs for live weight (kg) from 2015 to 2017. a) Determine the change in average 600-day weight from 2015 to 2017. b) Ifthe data trends in the table continue draw conclusions about the impact on the Angus breed into the future. [1 mark] [3 marks]
QUESTION 4 (4 marks) The table shows the results of an experiment that compared varieties of canola for oil production and yield. The current base price for canola is $592 per tonne. A 1.5% premium is paid for every 1% of oil content above 42%. A 1.5% discount 1s applied for every 1% of oil content below 41%. Variety 1 | Variety 2 | Variety 3 Ciena Vi ha Draw a conclusion about which canola variety should be selected for commercial production. Show your working.
QUESTION 9 (5 marks) The table gives the results from a trial conducted on sugarcane over five years. A fallow crop of soybeans was planted grown and ploughed back into the soil prior to planting the sugarcane. A control practice was to leave the soil fallowed between sugarcane harvest and the next season’s planting. At each location the mean crop yield was measured over five years. Location Legume fallow Bare fallow Nitrogen Mean yield Nitrogen Mean yield fertiliser applied (t/ha) fertiliser applied (t/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) a) Draw aconclusion about the most suitable crop rotation system to use. Use the table to justify your conclusion. [2 marks] b) Identify two advantages of the crop rotation system identified in 9a). [2 marks] c) Provide one disadvantage of the crop rotation system identified 1n 9a). [1 mark]
QUESTION 13 The table shows an excerpt of income and variable costs from a merino enterprise. Budget ($) icone Wool harvesting and selling Shearing Calculate the gross margin for the enterprise. (A) -$77663 (B) $60444 (C) $77663 (D) $137589
QUESTION 19 A source of extreme risk for farm workers that can occur in a plant production system is (A) applying a pesticide to a greenhouse hydroponic system. (B) formulating a ration using a hammer mill. (C) mixing a herbicide with a surfactant. (D) moving stock between paddocks.
QUESTION 23 (4 marks) a) Describe paddock rotation and the reason for this practice. [2 marks] The table contains yield data for different grazing management strategies. Strategy Annual yield | Utilisation (t DM/ha) (%) b) Draw a conclusion about the grazing strategy most likely to increase animal production. Justify your conclusion. [2 marks]
QUESTION 26 (7 marks) A producer is developing a cropping plan for next summer. They are considering whether they should plant peanuts or lucerne. Peanuts Budget ($/ha) Income Jumbo (2.5 t/ha @ $1200/t) Ones (0.5 t/ha @ $1000/t) Splits (0.25 t/ha @ $900/t) Total income Variable costs Fallow management Planting 313 Plant protection 129 360 Harvesting 241 Total variable costs Lucerne Budget ($/ha) Variable costs Fallow management Plant nutrition Plant protection 8 Irrigation 630 Total variable costs a) Determine the values for the cells marked X Y and Z in the tables. X: Y: Z: b) Use the data in the tables to identify which crop the producer should plant. Provide reasoning for your decision. [3 marks] [4 marks]
QUESTION 2 (4 marks) Family farms are one type of agricultural enterprise. Identify another type of agricultural enterprise and use an example to explain two of the enterprise’s features.
QUESTION 5 Determine the total variable expenses in the table. (A) $93 152 (B) $103 152 (C) $107941 (D) $136028 QUESTIONS 4-5 These questions refer to the data in the table which shows selected expenses for a merino enterprise. Expenses $ Depreciation 32 876 Seed 9456 Fertiliser 23 657 Harvesting 14690 Rates 4789 Mustering 10 000 Vaccines 17 800 Shearing 27549 Loan repayments 36 155 Total farm expenses 176972
QUESTION 6 The table shows estimated breeding values for live weight gain and reproductive characteristics for a sample of bulls. Identify which bull a producer should buy to sell two-year-old steers earlier at the minimum market live weight and improve female fertility. | Bull | 400-day weight 600-day weight Scrotal size Days to calving (A) +46 +57
QUESTION 20 The table shows the gross margin for a dairy enterprise that runs 300 cows on 120 hectares. Gross income $890 000 Variable cost $650 000 Gross margin $240 000 Identify the change of input that would cause the greatest effect on gross margin for the enterprise. (A) fertiliser costs increasing from $120/ha to $165/ha (B) animal health costs increasing from $60/cow to $85/cow (C) fixed cost of labour increasing from $120 000 to $130 000 (D) council rates increasing from $45 000 per year to $65 000 per year
QUESTION 3 (4 marks) The graph shows the yield of five wheat varieties grown under differing levels of salinity. Bars represent 3-year mean grain yield values along with standard error. a) b) Yield (kg/ha) Key |_] slightly saline Wheat variety moderately saline WH strongly saline Contrast the levels of uncertainty in the data collected from moderately and strongly saline soils. Show your reasoning using evidence from the graph. Infer whether variety | is the best option to plant in strongly saline soils. Justify your answer using evidence from the graph. [2 marks] [2 marks]
QUESTION 9 (17 marks) An extensive cattle grazing property in northern Queensland focuses on breeding and backgrounding Brahman and Brahman cross animals for domestic and live export markets. Breeder numbers have declined in recent years due to drought. The property is 45 000 hectares and has an average annual rainfall of 495 mm. The current workforce consists of a property manager a head stockperson and eight recent school leavers working as jackaroos and jillaroos. Contract helicopter pilots are employed twice a year to help with mustering. An anticipated risk to this Australian agricultural enterprise 1s drought. Identify one other anticipated risk. For each risk use the PPRR (Prevention Preparedness Response Recovery) model to describe a risk management strategy for each element of the model. Justify the risk management strategy for each element.
QUESTION 10 (17 marks) A citrus orchard in Queensland grows Imperial mandarins for the domestic market and Honey Murcott mandarins for the export market. They also have a small number of other citrus trees and sell the fruit through a driveway stall and the local supermarket. The property occupies an undulating sloped area of 100 hectares and has an average annual rainfall of 870 mm. Less than half of the property is currently used for producing citrus and the remainder is unused including some river flats and hillier country. Citrus production on this property has been affected by an outbreak of citrus canker in the past. The orchard’s workforce comprises two owners who live and work full-time at the property and one full-time employee. They require additional seasonal labour to assist at harvest times. An anticipated risk to this Australian agricultural enterprise is cyclones. Identify one other anticipated risk. For each risk use the PPRR (Prevention Preparedness Response Recovery) model to describe a risk management strategy for each element of the model. Justify the risk management strategy for each element.
QUESTION 11 Identify which factors affect decisions made about property management. (A) food security market suitability (B) location to markets food quality (C) financial considerations human resources (D) environmental factors population distribution
QUESTION 13 Two farms implemented different strategies for managing drought. Retained breeding stock Sold all steers and culled animals based on age Implemented supplementary feeding Used paddock rotation Monitored ground cover Maintained appropriate stocking rates Which steps in the PPRR management model were demonstrated by both farms? (A) prevention response recovery (B) preparedness response recovery (C) prevention preparedness recovery (D) prevention preparedness response
QUESTION 19 A cash flow statement for a farm was recorded for a three-month period. July 15 600 8231 August 3000 4122 [I September 13 432 1000 ee Calculate the September balance. (A) $1000 (B) $6185 (C) $13 616 (D) $18679
QUESTION 10 (4 marks) Mad cow disease (BSE) is an exotic disease to Australia. It is spread by cattle eating animal products containing the disease and originated through cattle being supplemented with protein from meat and bonemeal. In 1996 BSE was identified as potentially passing from animals to humans in Great Britain. The graph shows beef exports from Great Britain from 1993 to 2001. 400 350 ‘sol 250 200 150 100 0 Ld [| [| [| [ 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Year Mass (x 1000 tonnes) a) Determine how introducing BSE to Australia could affect a cattle production system. [2 marks] b) Identify two strategies Australia currently uses that reduce the risk or effect of BSE being introduced. [2 marks]
QUESTION 12 The most effective method of comparing the profitability of an alternative enterprise to an existing one is a (A) _ partial budget. (B) cash flow budget. (C) whole-farm budget. (D) gross margin budget.
QUESTION 14 Paddock rotation is a system of (A) | planting agricultural crops in alternating strips to minimise water erosion on steeper slopes. (B) growing different crops on the same paddock from one year to the next. (C) alternating the use of paddocks to allow for a rest period. (D) breaking up paddocks to maximise feed utilisation.
QUESTION 22 (4 marks) A producer undertook a comparison of gross margins to help them decide between planting dryland sorghum or dryland sunflowers. a) Complete the table below. [2 marks] Dryland sorghum Dryland sunflowers Yield t/ha Income $/t Total income $/ha Variable costs $/ha Sowing 35.15 48.71 Fertiliser and application Herbicide and application Insecticide and application Harvesting Levies and insurance Total variable cost $/ha Gross margin $/ha Note: If you make a mistake in the table cancel it by ruling a single diagonal line through your work and use the additional table on page 13 of this question and response book. b) Which crop should the producer plant? Give a reason for your decision. [2 marks]
QUESTION 6 (6 marks) An investigation was conducted to test the effect of planting density on the growth of sunflowers. A trial was conducted where five treatments each with three replications were tested: one plant (control) two plants four plants six plants and eight plants per 300 mm pot. Each week the average height for each treatment was calculated and recorded. The results are shown in the table below. Note: The recommended planting rate for sunflowers is equivalent to one plant per pot. Average height (cm) onal) Two plants Four plants Six plants Eight plants a) Determine the average growth rates for the control treatment and sunflowers in the eight-plant treatment from Day 7 to Day 35. (Round your answers to | decimal place.) [2 marks] Average growth rate for control treatment = b) Contrast the data for all treatment groups at Day 7 with Day 35. [2 marks] c) Explain two reasons for why plant density affects plant growth. [2 marks]
QUESTION 7 (4 marks) The table below contains live weight and carcass estimated breeding values (EBV) data for a selection of sires from a British breed catalogue. ef pw | a) Use the data to decide which bull a buyer should purchase if they wish to sell steers to the local domestic market and have been advised to e increase size and growth to 14 months e reduce fatness e maintain or improve muscularity e improve marbling. [1 mark] Bull purchased = b) Justify your decision. [3 marks]
QUESTION 12 Refer to Stimulus | in the stimulus book. Question 12 has four parts: a) b) c) and d). You must respond to all four parts. Assess the opportunity that the family has for sustainable practices in their operation. a) Explain three positive practices in their current management. b) Identify two management actions that the manager could take that would improve sustainability. Address water/soil management and weed management. Give reasons to support each action. c) Identify three future risks that the family should manage for their operation to remain sustainable. d) For one of the identified risks explain why it would be considered a risk to the future sustainability of the family’s operation. [9 marks] [6 marks] [3 marks] [2 marks]
QUESTION 13 Refer to Stimulus 2 in the stimulus book. Question 13 has two parts: a) and b). You must respond to both parts. Assess the risk associated with this agricultural enterprise for drought using the PPRR model. a) Make three recommendations for improvements in each of the four areas. [12 marks] b) For each area choose two recommendations and explain how each of these recommendations will lessen the impact of drought. [8 marks]
QUESTION 4 Which expense is a fixed cost? (A) seed (B) shearing (C) harvesting (D) depreciation QUESTIONS 4-5 These questions refer to the data in the table which shows selected expenses for a merino enterprise. Expenses $ Depreciation 32 876 9456 Fertiliser 23 657 Harvesting 14690 4789 Mustering 10 000 Vaccines 17 800 Shearing 27 549 Loan repayments 36 155 Total farm expenses 176972
QUESTION 9 (6 marks) The graph shows the impact of nitrogen (N) fertiliser application on wheat yield N losses due to leaching and estimated grain nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). 10 60 ? M-- mT M---- LL x Z a 50 = 8 © Q E 40 & = 6 ey = / > 1) ae be) 5 5 Ma 30 Ps 8 4 y Z = 3 a 20 : 24 pt a 0 0 0 48 96 144 192 240 288 N fertiliser applied (kg N/ha/yr) Key —e— NUE --*-- Wheat yield |__] N leached a) Identify the mass of N applied to achieve the highest wheat yield per hectare. [1 mark] b) Describe the trend between the level of N fertiliser applied and NUE. [2 marks] c) Draw aconclusion about the optimal level of N fertiliser for wheat production. Justify your conclusion using two pieces of evidence from the graph. [3 marks]
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