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QUESTION 1 Identify the hormone that causes cell elongation in plants. (A) auxin (B) ethylene (C) gibberellin (D) abscisic acid
QUESTION 3 Legume pasture species can support sustainable plant production by (A) increasing groundwater recharge. (B) improving soil structure/porosity. (C) removing excessive sodium from the topsoil. (D) improving potassium availability in soil for plant use.
QUESTION 21 (4 marks) Use an example to explain the process that an agricultural plant product undergoes between harvest and sale to the consumer.
QUESTION 7 (4 marks) An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of spraying different concentrations of a hormone on the maturation of different apple varieties. a) Identify the plant hormone that was applied to the apples. Explain the effect this hormone has on apple maturation time using evidence from the graph. [2 marks] b) Identify the optimum concentration of hormone that should be applied to Golden apples. Provide reasoning to support your decision. [2 marks]
QUESTION 17 The graphs show the effect of 25 mg/L GA; spray applied to mandarin trees on peel fresh weight (I) pulp fresh weight including juice content (II) and peel:pulp ratio (III). Error bars indicate standard error. 40- Key I 36- (se s: || Control Peel fresh weight 7 (e/fruit) > . E 25 mg/L GA; | 2875 1207 Il 110- Pulp fresh weight - (g/fruit) ™ NS WY! WY WW MM 90- = WW WIR WK SN o2) on) | ur N Na Il Peel:pulp ratio ae aE Fwy Lh IN IW N Oo | WI 2 40 N oS 8 Time after application (days) A conclusion that could be drawn from this experiment is that GA; treatment (A) slowed the increase in peel weight during maturation. (B —_ significantly decreased the pulp weight during maturation. (C —_ significantly delayed the naturally occurring decrease in peel:pulp ratio. (D — significantly increased the peel weight compared to the control treatment.
QUESTION 8 (3 marks) Explain the term cultural practice. Give two examples of cultural practices used in a plant production system.
QUESTION 11 The diagram shows the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen gas (N>) in atmosphere Animal protein Plant protein Lightning Ammonia (NH) Nitrate (NO3) in soil in soil The organisms responsible for the process occurring at point I in the diagram are (A) nitrifying bacteria. (B) denitrifying bacteria. (C) decomposing bacteria. (D) nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
QUESTION 13 What function does abscisic acid perform in plants? (A) inhibiting growth (B) stimulating root growth (C) decreasing internodal length (D) increasing rate of ripening fruit
QUESTION 17 An experiment tested the effect of a hormone applied to dwarf peas at three different concentrations. 34 Mean plant height at 21 days (cm + SE) 1 2 3 - Hormone concentration group After 21 days on average plants in (A) group | grew less than group 2. (B) group 4 grew less than group 3. (C) group 3 grew more than group 1. (D) group 4 grew more than group 1.
QUESTION 18 Controlled traffic as a land management practice in agricultural production is used to (A) reduce soil compaction. (B) improve the soil microbiology. (C) increase organic matter in the soil by retaining stubble. (D) incorporate matching land capabilities for long-term sustainability.
QUESTION 3 The table identifies the functions of different plant hormones. Function Hormone Ethylene | Gibberellin | Abscisic acid Cumin Gowwnawiy |v |e x ovene [wv x x1 < v Seed dormancy Identify which hormone contributes primarily to reproductive stage development in plants. (A) auxin (B) ethylene (C) gibberellin (D) abscisic acid
QUESTION 18 Minimum tillage practices can (A) (B) (C) (D) speed up water loss from the soil profile. increase the rate of carbon loss from the soil. reduce disease and populations of soil-borne pests. improve infiltration of water through the soil profile.
QUESTION 21 (4 marks) Explain the post-harvest processes involved in getting a horticultural plant product of your choice from the farm to the shop.
QUESTION 24 (3 marks) Explain how sowing rates and plant spacings differ between dryland and irrigated environmental conditions for a broadacre crop of your choice.
QUESTION 27 (3 marks) Aphids are a common pest in cereal crops. The table identifies different control methods. Control method Monitoring aphid population Crop rotation Preserving predators e.g. ladybirds Introducing enemies e.g. parasitic wasps Use of insecticides Use of seed dressings a) Identify which control methods are biological controls. [1 mark] b) Explain two advantages of using biological controls. [2 marks]
QUESTION 5 The figure below shows the differently sized seeds of various agricultural crops pastures and weeds. The diagrams are drawn to scale. From the information in the figure which of the following seeds is most likely to successfully establish if planted deeper in the soil? (A) giant foxtail (B) soybeans (C) wheat (D) corn
QUESTION 7 The figure below shows the results of a trial conducted on cotton seedlings to investigate the effect on internodal length of applying an unknown hormone to the seedlings. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 — Hormone --- Control aa a oe = - - Thad - Internodal length (mm) =o - -=—-—= te _ ad - = - _ - — 0 5 10 15 20 Time (days) Analyse the results in the figure to determine the phase of the trial where the seedlings showed the greatest percentage response to the hormone application. (A) days 0 to 5 (B) days 5 to 10 (C) days 10 to 15 (D) days 15 to 20
QUESTION 5 (3 marks) a) Identify a soil management technique. [1 mark] b) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of this technique in terms of sustainable production. [2 marks]
QUESTION 12 Refer to Stimulus | in the stimulus book. Question 12 has four parts: a) b) c) and d). You must respond to all four parts. Assess the opportunity that the family has for sustainable practices in their operation. a) Explain three positive practices in their current management. b) Identify two management actions that the manager could take that would improve sustainability. Address water/soil management and weed management. Give reasons to support each action. c) Identify three future risks that the family should manage for their operation to remain sustainable. d) For one of the identified risks explain why it would be considered a risk to the future sustainability of the family’s operation. [9 marks] [6 marks] [3 marks] [2 marks]
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