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QUESTION 26 (4 marks) a) b) c) d) What is a tariff? What is a free trade agreement? Explain why the European Union (EU) currently has a tariff on Australian lamb and beef. Explain the impact that a tariff as high as 50% has on the sale of Australian goods in the EU. [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark]
QUESTION 2 An appropriate risk management strategy for a honey bee enterprise is to (A) sell honey bee—related products to one market. (B) develop new product types from extracted honey. (C) provide enough water to meet environmental conditions. (D) identify one supplier to provide replacement queen bees.
QUESTION 4 The table shows grain yield from a field trial for two varieties of oats at different rates of nitrogen application. Rate of nitrogen | Variety 1 | Variety 2 applied (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) 2.4 2.4 3.4 3.4 5.1 4.6 ws Which conclusion can be supported by the data? (A) Variety 2 demonstrates the largest positive response to nitrogen application. (B) Both varieties show a decline in yield at the same rate of nitrogen application. (C) Variety | requires less nitrogen fertiliser than Variety 2 to achieve optimal production. (D) Other major nutrients are limiting grain yield for Variety 2 at an application rate of 80 kg/ha.
QUESTION 16 A demand factor that could increase the price of coffee beans grown in northern Queensland is the (A) arrival of coffee berry disease in Australia. (B) implementation of a foreign trade agreement. (C) implementation of water quotas in irrigation areas. (D) destruction of plantations due to extreme weather events.
QUESTION 22 (4 marks) A cage egg producer in Queensland is concerned about the low level of cage egg sales in the retail market. Explain two risk management strategies the producer could use to help prevent financial loss.
QUESTION 27 (7 marks) A trial was conducted on a double-crop rotation system using nitrogen supplied in different forms to evaluate the effects of different fertilisers on crop yield. The different kinds of common organic fertilisers used and compared to the control treatment (C) were: ¢ general organic fertiliser (GOF) ¢ biogas residue (BR) ¢ refined organic fertiliser (ROF). Both crops of tomato used the same variety. The graph shows the mean yield for each crop and fertiliser treatment. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. 120 100 i t = 80 : = rz a = 60 Ye Y Uj 3 Y Y - 40 ] ] ] C GOF BR ROF Treatment Key || Tomato 1 Celery p Tomato 2 a) Explain why nitrogen is important for plant growth in agricultural crops. [2 marks] b) Analyse the data to identify the relationship between the type of fertiliser applied and celery yield. [1 mark] c) Decide which fertiliser tomato farmers should use to optimise production in this cropping system. Justify your decision with two pieces of evidence and give a reason this type of fertiliser would be expected to improve the yield of a tomato crop. [4 marks]
QUESTION 1 (5 marks) In 2015 and 2016 a number of events affected Australian horticulture industries. ¢ An agreement between South Korea and Australia — the Korea—Australia Free Trade Agreement (K AFTA) — came into effect on 1 January 2015. ¢ The Korea—New Zealand Free Trade Agreement came into effect on 20 December 2015. ¢ Yields of Tasmanian cherries harvested in 2016 were lower than expected. The table shows an excerpt of fresh fruit and vegetable exports from Australia to South Korea from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Crop Exports (tonnes) Asparagus 39 87 105 [Asparagus | 39 | 87 | 105 Potatoes 11372 | 24269 | 20634 a) Draw aconclusion about the benefits of the KAFTA for Australian horticulture industries. Justify your response. [2 marks] b) Explain how these events account for the changes in cherry exports from 2014 to 2016. [3 marks]
QUESTION 9 The graph shows a change in the supply and demand of apples. Price Quantity Which statement best describes the change in the supply (S) demand (D) and price of apples? (A) (B) (C) (D) A marketing campaign increased the demand for apples. Production losses in the major growing areas decreased supply. Increasing production costs reduced the supply for a given price. New technology reduced the cost for farmers and increased supply.
QUESTION 16 The graphs show the volume of exports and domestic consumption for total agricultural production along with two agricultural industries. The table shows the value of production for these two industries. Wheat Fruit and nuts Total agricultural production Key | | exports Agricultural industry Wheat Fruit and nuts domestic consumption Value of production (“%) 8 8 In negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement between Australia and Indonesia why would Australia insist on including wheat rather than fruit and nuts? (A) (B) (C) (D) Wheat production is much greater than fruit and nut production. Australia has a larger export market for wheat compared to fruit and nuts. Larger areas of regional Australia are planted with wheat than fruit and nuts. Domestic demand for fruit and nuts makes their export less attractive compared to wheat.
QUESTION 20 The table shows the gross margin for a dairy enterprise that runs 300 cows on 120 hectares. Gross income $890 000 Variable cost $650 000 Gross margin $240 000 Identify the change of input that would cause the greatest effect on gross margin for the enterprise. (A) fertiliser costs increasing from $120/ha to $165/ha (B) animal health costs increasing from $60/cow to $85/cow (C) fixed cost of labour increasing from $120 000 to $130 000 (D) council rates increasing from $45 000 per year to $65 000 per year
QUESTION 6 Australian horticultural industries were impacted by two free trade agreements that came into effect on 1 January 2019. The table shows data for fresh horticultural exports from Australia to another country under these agreements between | January 2018 and 31 December 2020. Export (t) Asparagus 9] 118 Avocados 2601 1575 Cherries 278 Potatoes 12391 | 23174 | 20165 Identify which crop had the best outcome from the agreements. (A) asparagus (B) avocados (C) cherries (D) potatoes
QUESTION 10 The table shows yield and variable costs associated with different methods of cotton production. Income is $680 per bale for lint and seed. Which method would provide the highest gross margin per hectare? Production system | Yield (bales/ha) | Variable costs ($/ha) (A) Irrigated 12.0 3982 (B) Irrigated 12.0 4088 Dryland 4 1424 C) 0 (D) | Dryland 3.5 1290
QUESTION 15 The table shows an excerpt of income and variable costs from a maize enterprise. Budget ($/ha) Income Fertiliser & application Herbicide & application Insecticide & application Crop levies and insurance Calculate the gross margin per hectare for the enterprise. (A) $367 (B) $415 (C) $563 (D) $1493
QUESTION 1 (2 marks) Explain a risk avoidance strategy for a lamb producer to minimise the effect of drought on farm income.
QUESTION 7 (5 marks) An agricultural business owns and operates a portfolio of properties feedlots and farms in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Each property is part of the business’s supply chain for breeding growing and finishing cattle and growing grains and fodder crops to support cattle production. Directors of this business are accountable for contributing to the success of the organisation. The business is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Determine the ownership structure of the business. Justify your conclusion by identifying two characteristics of this ownership structure and use evidence to support your response.
QUESTION 20 Which of the following is an example of a risk avoidance strategy for an agricultural producer? (A) (B) (C) (D) establishing a monoculture farming system increasing the stocking rate on their property maintaining a constant stocking rate throughout the year growing more than one type of agricultural crop at the same time
QUESTION 4 (2 marks) Describe the impact that a specific government decision or policy has on an Australian agricultural enterprise.
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