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QUESTION 13 The table identifies the minimum requirements for different lamb export markets. Market Liveweight Carcass weight | Preferred fat ——— range (kg) range (kg) score | Heavy export | export 38-64 20-30 | tod | to 4 Light export 25-35 10-16 ‘Hajj’ market 35-41 18-22 Identify the lamb that is best suited to the heavy export market. Liveweight (kg) | Carcass weight (kg)
QUESTION 15 The table shows livestock’s approximate tolerances to dissolved salts in drinking water. Livestock No adverse Reluctance Decline in condition effects (g/L) to drink (g/L) and health (g/L) piss POO | p 10-50 5.0 p 50-70 7.0 Identify the livestock that would suffer a loss in production with a total dissolved salt measurement of 4820 mg/L. (A) pigs (B) horses (C) beef cattle (D) dairy cattle
QUESTION 19 Feed sources that could be used to meet the crude protein requirement for a ewe that has lambed are (A) molasses grassy lucerne and wheat grain. (B) wheat grain grassy lucerne and chickpeas. (C) sorghum grain chickpeas and immature grass pasture. (D) sorghum grain cottonseed meal and immature grass pasture. Use these tables for Questions 19 and 20. The tables contain a nutrient analysis for different animal feeds and the minimum recommended crude protein for sheep at different stages of development. Animal feed Metabolisable energy | Crude protein (“%) Dry matter (“%) a kg dry matter) |Wheat grain |Wheat grain a a a [cuts] [onsvheme | BS Fiomaoegasswe] [couomednet fT Dosee
QUESTION 25 (4 marks) The table contains mean values for feed intake feed conversion ratio average daily weight gain and end-of-trial fat depth of feedlot lambs that were given feeds formulated at different energy levels. Feed Intake (kg/day) Feed Average daily | Fat depth (mm) conversion ratio | gain (g/day) | Low energy | | 23405 | | 5106 | 476+ 30.0 Medium energy —_ +09 oo +05 512 + 30.1 ee High energy 17 +03 39 + 0.6 528 +314 Contrast the results of using the different feeds. Draw conclusions about the best feed for fat lamb production.
QUESTION 8 (6 marks) Two groups of sheep were grown under different management strategies. One group was weaned at 4 months and sent to the abattoir. The second group was weaned at 3 months and then fed on grain for 40 days before being sent to the abattoir. The tables show the results for each of the management strategies and the minimum requirements for different lamb markets. Management strategy Average Daily weight gain Final fat Dressing birthweight (kg/day) depth (mm) | percentage (kg) — _1_| wean after 90 a 4.5 Before weaning: 0.25 Fed grain for 40 days On grain: 0.40 Market Carcass weight (kg) Fat depth (mm) Grain feeding aS a ec a) Determine the expected final weight and carcass weight of the two groups of sheep. Give your answers to two decimal places. [4 marks] b) Determine the target market for the two groups of sheep. [2 marks]
QUESTION 3 A dairy farmer is planning to introduce new genetics into the herd to improve milk protein yield. The table shows Australian Breeding Values (ABVs) for four bulls. Identify the bull the farmer should use to improve the milk protein content of the herd. Milk protein yield Milk yield Fat yield rol dry/lactation) (L/lactation) ——
QUESTION 5 The table shows the population data collected in a study of four edible insect species in a 10-ha area. Species Year Th. gigas B. Identify the species that could be a commercial option if harvested for human consumption in the local region. (A) C. redtembacheri H. (B) A. hesperiaris W. (C) M. melliger W. (D) Th. gigas B.
QUESTION 9 Identify which type of animal uses volatile fatty acids as its major source of energy. (A) fish (B) goats (C) horses (D) poultry
QUESTION 11 The table shows the bone muscle and fat percentages of carcasses for a type of agricultural animal at different stages of the production cycle. The stages are not in any order. Stage of production Muscle (“%) A conclusion supported by the data in the table is that the animal at (A) Stage I is a leaner carcass than the animal at Stage IV. (B) Stage IV is a younger animal than the animal at Stage II. (C) Stage II has a lower meat yield than the animal at Stage III. (D) Stage II is at an earlier stage of its production cycle than the animal at Stage I.
QUESTION 18 A market specification criterion used only by Meat Standards Australia (MSA) is (A) fat depth. (B) meat colour. (C) carcass weight. (D) tropical content.
QUESTION 25 (5 marks) The graph shows changes in pasture quality over time. The table contains the energy and protein requirements for weaner sheep at different live weights. Digestibility Energy Protein (%) (MJ ME/kg DM) = (%) Hich ® Active growth 95-10 16 1g production @ Late vegetation @ Early flowering Moderate 75 10 production @ Mid flowering @ Dry grass and stalks Weight loss of dry stock @ Dry stalks Time Live weight Weaner < 20 kg | Weaner 20-25 kg | Weaner > 25 kg Metabolisable energy (MJ/kg dry matter) 3.4-4.5 4.5—5.7 5.7-6.8 Crude protein (“) 14-16 12-14 10-12 a) Describe one function of protein in an animal’s diet. [1 mark] b) Use the table to identify the relationship between the crude protein requirement and the weight of weaner sheep. [1 mark] c) Use the graph and table to draw a conclusion about the effect on animal growth if a group of 30 kg weaner sheep was fed a grass-based pasture at the late flowering and dry grass and stalks stages. Explain your reasoning. [3 marks]
QUESTION 5 (4 marks) The graphs show generalised growth trends for animals’ weight and percentage composition. Time Percentage Time Use the graphs to draw a conclusion about why animals are suitable for different markets at different ages. Justify your conclusion with three pieces of evidence.
QUESTION 2 Fluctuation in the diameter of wool fibres of a purebred merino flock over a calendar year is mainly due to (A) genetic variation among sheep. (B) changes in the taste of leaf material. (C) changes in temperature across the year. (D) variation in the quality of available pasture.
QUESTION 9 The graph shows a change in the supply and demand of apples. Price Quantity Which statement best describes the change in the supply (S) demand (D) and price of apples? (A) (B) (C) (D) A marketing campaign increased the demand for apples. Production losses in the major growing areas decreased supply. Increasing production costs reduced the supply for a given price. New technology reduced the cost for farmers and increased supply.
QUESTION 22 (7 marks) a) Identify two differences between the quality of feedlot rations and green fodder crops. [2 marks] A producer has recently weaned first-cross lambs that currently have a mean weight of 32 kg. The Meat Standards Australia requirements for selling lamb and feed options for these lambs are shown in the tables. Dressing percentage (lambs) Uneaned (6) Weaned (6) Lamb finishing system First-cross weight gain (g/head/day) Feedlot rations b) Determine the optimal feeding system to use if the weaned lambs are to go to market in 60 days with a fat score of 3 and a maximum carcass weight of 20 kg. Show your reasoning. [5 marks]
QUESTION 24 (5 marks) The graph shows changes in the body composition of two steers of different breeds A and B at different times during their development. a) b) 500 ' ' \ ‘ ' ' Key 450 : : : : : 3 — Steer A muscle 400 ---- Steer A fat 350 —-- Steer B muscle eH ~ 300 Steer B fat a S250 3 oO D 200 io 150 100 50 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Age (years) Determine which steer matures earlier. Justify your decision. [2 marks] Discuss the implications of using an early maturing breed in terms of accessibility to different markets. In your response propose a solution for producers that allows them to meet different market requirements. [3 marks]
QUESTION 25 (3 marks) Identify two features of an online auction in the context of an agricultural industry.
QUESTION 2 (4 marks) a) Explain why beef producers choose to use hormone growth promotants (HGPs). [2 marks] The graph shows the effects of HGPs on three aspects of meat quality in cattle. 70 Key |_|] Not HGP treated Mi HGP treated Mean score Tenderness Juiciness Flavour b) Draw a conclusion about the overall effect of HGPs on meat quality. Justify your conclusion using evidence from the graph. [2 marks]
QUESTION 2 Identify where most fat digestion occurs in monogastric animals. (A) (B) (C) (D) liver mouth stomach small intestine
QUESTION 20 Consumer demand has resulted in the availability of more pain relief strategies for animal husbandry procedures. The graph shows the effect of different types of pain relief on the average growth rate of calves in the first month after castration. The graph includes standard error bars. Topical 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Growth rate (kg/day) Types of pain relief Which two types of pain relief show statistically similar mean values for growth rate? (A) control and topical (B) injectable and topical (C) topical and combination of injectable and topical (D) injectable and combination of injectable and topical
QUESTION 2 (5 marks) An agricultural class entered two animals into a carcass competition at a local agricultural show. The tables show the carcass characteristics for both animals a price grid and price penalties/premiums for the domestic market. avid AB Carcass weight (HSCW) (kg) Sex Female Male Condition score A A HSCW (kg) | Price (c/kg) 6 6 [b [Seketes thn Condition score D 50c/kg less than price grid 80c/kg less than price grid MSA premium 25c/kg more than price grid Determine which animal is worth more on the domestic market. Show working to justify your decision.
QUESTION 8 The graph below shows the relationship between live weight and age for four different animals. — Animal I Live ---- Animal II weight aaessescuee Animal III —:—-: Animal IV Age Which animal illustrates the typical growth curve of an animal over its life up to slaughter? (A) Animal I (B) Animal II (C) Animal II (D) Animal IV
QUESTION 9 Some of the market specifications for an animal carcass set by industry bodies (e.g. Meat Standards Australia) include (A) (B) (C) (D) rib fat external parasite count sex carcass weight pH meat colour tropical breed content hormone growth promotants. carcass weight pH meat colour marbling sex rib fat tropical breed content hormone growth promotants. pH meat colour marbling sex tropical breed content rib fat carcass weight marbling hide colour. meat colour marbling rib fat carcass weight pH sex polledness hormone growth promotants.
QUESTION 10 The figure below shows the target market specifications for cattle carcasses. Long Fed 400 Short-Mid Fed 300 Carcass weight k (kg) 200 100 Fat score P8 fat depth mm 1-2 3-6 7-12 13-22 23-32 The table below shows the carcass weight fat score and fat depth for four different animals. From the information in the figure and table which animal/s would most likely meet MSA market requirements? (A) Animal I (B) Animal I and Animal III (C) Animal II and Animal III (D) Animal IV
QUESTION 31 (6 marks) Table 1 below shows the carcass results for three animals shown at the Royal National Association Led Steer competition. Table 2 below shows the pricing schedule at the abattoir that the animals were sent to after the competition (grid price $5.90/ kg). Table 1 Hot score carcass weight (HSCW) (kg) ee P8 fat (mm) Eye muscle area (cm’) Table 2 Ac 280.1—300 300.1—320 320.1400 o a a) Determine which animal returned the highest income. Show your working. Animal returning the highest income = Animal b) For each animal discuss the possible characteristics if any that prevented them from achieving the agreed grid price. [3 marks] [3 marks]
QUESTION 7 (4 marks) The table below contains live weight and carcass estimated breeding values (EBV) data for a selection of sires from a British breed catalogue. ef pw | a) Use the data to decide which bull a buyer should purchase if they wish to sell steers to the local domestic market and have been advised to e increase size and growth to 14 months e reduce fatness e maintain or improve muscularity e improve marbling. [1 mark] Bull purchased = b) Justify your decision. [3 marks]
QUESTION 9 (3 marks) Identify three factors that affect animal growth and development.
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